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06.04.2024.UNTOUCHABLES NEWS.BY Sivaji.ceo,Chennai.26.



Dalit activist Shoma Sen will come out of jail after 6 years, Supreme Court grants bail

POSTED ON APRIL 6, 2024


Former Nagpur University professor Shoma Sen has got a big relief from the Supreme Court. Supreme Court has granted bail to Shoma Sen after 6 years. She will not be able to go out of Maharashtra during bail.

ByRahul Mahajan

New Delhi\Mumbai: The Supreme Court on Friday granted bail to Professor Shoma Sen, accused in the Bhima Koregaon case. He was in jail since June 6, 2018. Shoma Sen is a former professor at Nagpur University. He was booked under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act 1967 (UAPA) for alleged Maoist links in connection with the Bhima Koregaon case. Shoma Sen will not be able to go out of Maharashtra during the bail period without informing the Special Court. They will have to give information about their mobile number.

It is noteworthy that in the year 2018, Pune Police had made several arrests in the Bhima-Koregaon caste violence case. Apart from Shoma Sen, Surendra Gadling, Mahesh Raut, Sudhir Dhawale and Rona Wilson were arrested from different cities. It is said that he was already being monitored on suspicion of his links with Maoists. Nagpur University had suspended him.

Shoma Sen is a Dalit activist

Shoma Sen is a human rights activist and Dalit activist. After his arrest, daughter Komal Sen alleged that he had never been arrested or questioned before. She had claimed that apart from Dhawale, Shoma did not know any of the arrested people. He had alleged that his arrests were made to silence those who raised their voice for the rights of Dalits. Komal had said that the political environment of the country has become such that no one is ready to listen to the people of the so-called lower community and when they speak, it becomes necessary to put them down.

Courtesy: Hindi News

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Shahjahanpur: Made relations with Dalit girl, then said – accept Islam or give five lakh rupees

POSTED ON APRIL 6, 2024


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Shahjahanpur, Amrit Vichar. A Muslim youth from Lakhimpur Kheri area had a relationship with a Dalit girl from Sindhauli police station area by pretending to be a Hindu. During this the accused took her photographs. Now the accused started demanding from the girl to convert to Islam or else pay Rs 5 lakh. Based on the complaint of the victim, Sindhauli police has registered a report and started investigation.

By Vikas Babu

A Dalit girl resident of a village in Sindhauli police station area told that her father passed away ten years ago. He became friends with a boy named Rakesh two years ago. Rakesh started talking to her on the phone, after which they grew closer and started meeting her.

During this, Rakesh cheated and forcefully had physical relations with her and took her photographs. About four months ago, when she met Rakesh, she came to know that Rakesh is not a Hindu, his real name is Talib Khan and he is a resident of Jeviganj district-Kheeri.

When he came to know the truth, he stopped meeting her. After this, Talib Khan started calling him on his mobile and threatening him and his family. The victim girl told that the accused said that either accept Islam or give us five lakh rupees, otherwise we will make your photo viral.

The victim said that she and her family are troubled by this. On the complaint of the victim, the police have registered a case against the accused Talib Khan under the SC-ST Act including rape, extortion and threatening.

Courtesy: Hindi News

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‘Ideological Battle’ To ‘Caste Census’: Congress Lok Sabha Poll Manifesto Emphasises Social Justice For Youth, Women And Poor

POSTED ON APRIL 6, 2024



Apart from the caste census, the Congress party also offered 25 guarantees under three central themes – work, wealth and welfare.

Abhik Bhattacharya

With the Congress party releasing its poll manifesto for the 2024 Lok Sabha elections on Friday, the central focus of the contest is all set to be ‘a contest over ideology’. While responding to a question pertaining to the probable face of the opposition INDIA bloc, senior Congress leader Rahul Gandhi said, “It is an ideological battle and if we come to power, the alliance partners together would decide the name.”

Though the question of ideology directly didn’t come up in the speeches of the party president Mallikarjun Kharge or the drafting committee chairperson P Chidambaram, the proposal to amend the anti-defection law showed the party’s insistence on ideology. Emphasising the necessity of such a law, Chidambaram said, “Those who defect need to be immediately disqualified”. This narrative of disqualifying defected candidates has been doing the rounds for a while, even from the civil society organisations.

Recently, in Pune, some unclaimed banners came up across streets saying that the candidates could seek votes only if they promise not to defect in the middle of their tenure. And for Congress, it becomes essential at a time when several of its leaders have left the organisation and joined the BJP in the last few years. The national spokesperson of the party, Gaurav Vallabh’s statement that he couldn’t stay with the party where he had to raise anti-Sanatan slogans and his consequent move to join the BJP also was not received well by the party, say insiders.

Notably, another major ideological contention for the Congress – as found in the manifesto – lies in the promise of the nationwide caste census. The grand old party has been seeking caste census since Bihar CM Nitish Kumar – who was also a former ally of the INDIA bloc and later jumped the boat to join NDA – conducted a caste survey in the state and released the report. Gandhi, during his Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra, raised the caste census issue on many occasions. Addressing the yatra, he said that neither the corporate nor media houses in the country have adequate representations from the OBCs, Dalits, Adivasis and other marginalised communities.

The promise of caste census appears to be a significant one as it has been made on the birth anniversary of Babu Jagajivan Ram, a Dalit Congress leader who was with the party from 1947 to 1984. Kharge while evoking the legacy of Ram said, “The Congress party stands with the marginalised and upholds the values of social justice.”

Apart from the caste census, the party also offered 25 guarantees under three central themes – work, wealth and welfare. The party, if it comes to power, has promised to give Rs 1 lakh per year to the poor women besides offering Rs 1 lakh support for the apprenticeship of the youth. They would also bring MSP laws for which the farmers have been protesting for a long time now. The minimum wage of labourers would be fixed at Rs 400 a day, said Kharge referring to the performance of the UPA-1 government that brought in schemes like MNREGA and passed laws like Right to Information, Right to Education and National Food Security Act. 

While talking about economic growth, former finance minister Chidambaram recounted how the UPA-1 government under the leadership of economist Dr Manmohan Singh achieved 8.5 per cent growth rate that got reduced to 5.9 per cent by the end of the last financial year. The Congress promises to boost growth by building industries, infrastructure and pulling in foreign investments, he added.

The guarantees of the Congress seem to be interesting ones at a time when ‘Modi’s guarantees’ have become the war cry of the ruling party. However, Chidambaram while debunking Modi’s guarantees as ‘empty guarantee’, said that Congress gives ‘concrete guarantee’ unlike Modi. He also asked, “Where are those 2 crores jobs that Modi ji had promised? Has the income of farmers doubled? I can give a list of failed promises.”

As caste census and the fight over ideology take centre-stage in Congress’s campaign, the question arises – will there be a resurgence of Mandal versus Kamandal politics in the coming days?

Courtesy : Outlook India



  • Dalit sanitation worker dies inhaling poisonous gas in Varanasi

Ghurelal is survived by his wife and three children. He had been working as a sanitation worker for more than 15 years and earned a monthly salary of Rs 12,000.

Photo of News Desk News Desk Follow on Twitter|   Updated: 6th April 2024 9:45 pm IST
UP Dalit sanitation worker dies inhaling poisonous gas in Varanasi
 A sanitation worker died after getting exposed to poisonous gas while cleaning a sewer in Varanasi

In a tragic incident, a sanitation worker from the Dalit community lost his life after reportedly being exposed to poisonous gases while cleaning a sewer in Uttar Pradesh’s Varanasi district.

The incident occurred at Bhaisapur Ghat in Adampura village. According to a sanitation worker, Ram Babu, there was a complaint regarding a sewerage blockade in front of the Ravidas temple at Rajghat, the Mooknayak reported.

“Ghurelal, 40, and Sunil from the Machhodari area to Bhaisasur Ghat were summoned to clean the sewerage. Upon arrival, Ghurelal and Sunil descended into the manhole using a rope,” Ram Babu was quoted by Mooknayak.


“After a while, Ghurelal stopped responding. Sunil emerged from the manhole and alerted others about the presence of poisonous gas. We informed our supervisor Babu Yadav who fled the scene. We then notified the Rajghat police, who promptly summoned the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF),” Ram Babu continued.

The NDRF team quickly rescued Ghurelal. He was taken to a nearby hospital but doctors pronounced him dead on arrival.

Ghurelal is survived by his wife and three children. He had been working as a sanitation worker for more than 15 years and earned a monthly salary of Rs 12,000.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is the Member of Parliament from Varanasi.

Last year, the Supreme Court of India directed the Union and state governments to ensure the practice of manual scavenging is eradicated in a phased manner.

The apex court asked the Union and state governments to issue guidelines to protect a sanitation worker from entering into a manhole. The Union and state governments were ordered to give Rs 30 lakhs as compensation to a victim’s family.




UP: Death of Sanitation Worker in PM Modi's Parliamentary Constituency Raises Questions

Despite the advancements of Digital India, sanitation workers from Dalit and marginalized backgrounds continue to face hazardous conditions while performing their duties. Over the past five years, close to 400 sanitation workers have tragically lost their lives in sewer accidents, sparking heightened concerns about safety.
UP: Death of Sanitation Worker in PM Modi's Parliamentary Constituency Raises Questions

Published on: 

Varanasi- In Uttar Pradesh's Varanasi, Prime Minister Modi's parliamentary constituency, a devastating incident has shaken the community.

 Dalit sweeper lost his life due to suffocation while working in a sewer. This unfortunate event occurred in the same area where the Prime Minister had previously made headlines for washing the feet of sanitation workers. Despite the advancements of Digital India, sanitation workers from Dalit and marginalized backgrounds continue to face hazardous conditions while performing their duties.

Shockingly, in the past five years alone, approximately four hundred sanitation workers have lost their lives due to accidents in the sewers, highlighting a dire situation that persists in Uttar Pradesh, ranking the state second highest in such fatalities.

The incident unfolded at Bhaisapur Ghat in the Adampura area, where two sanitation workers were exposed to poisonous gases while cleaning a sewer. Tragically, one of the workers succumbed to drowning in the filth of the sewer, while the other is battling for life in critical condition at the district hospital. Recognizing the gravity of the situation, the District Magistrate of Varanasi has ordered an immediate investigation into the matter to ascertain the causes and prevent similar tragedies in the future.

Ram Babu, a sanitation worker, recounted the tragic events to The Mooknayak, shedding light on the sequence of events that led to the devastating loss of life.

He shared, "There was a complaint regarding a sewer blockage in front of the Ravidas temple at Rajghat. In response to this complaint, the Ganga Pollution Department summoned Ghurelal (40 years old) and Sunil from the Machhodari area to Bhaisasur Ghat for cleaning duties. Upon arrival, Ghurelal, accompanied by Sunil, descended into the manhole using a rope around 3 pm. Three of their colleagues remained stationed above ground."

Continuing his account, Ram Babu revealed, "After a while, there was an ominous silence from Ghurelal's end. Sunil emerged from the manhole and alerted the other workers about the presence of poisonous gas below. He promptly informed the supervisor, Babu Yadav, about the hazardous situation. Shockingly, upon learning of the danger, Babu Yadav fled from the scene, leaving his colleagues behind. Subsequently, the workers notified the police stationed at Rajghat, who promptly summoned the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).

Ram Babu detailed the swift response, stating, "Upon receiving the distress call, the NDRF team swiftly arrived at the scene and rescued the trapped sweeper. He was rushed to the Shivprasad Gupta Divisional Hospital for urgent medical attention. Tragically, the doctors at the hospital pronounced the death of Ghurelal.

Mahendra Kumar Bharti, a relative of the deceased worker, voiced serious allegations against the authorities involved, claiming that neither the Junior Engineer (JE), the contractor, nor any officer arrived promptly to provide assistance for nearly an hour following the incident. By the time the NDRF team eventually reached the scene, it was tragically too late.

Ghure Lal, who had been engaged in sewer cleaning duties for approximately 15 years, had been working under a contractor at the sewage pumping station located at Gola Ghat, earning a monthly wage of Rs 12,000.

His wife, Chanda, revealed the devastating impact of the loss on their family, stating that they have four children. Two daughters are enrolled in the ninth class, one son in the eighth class, and another in the seventh class. Chanda further shared the heartbreaking news that their eldest son, 18-year-old Azad, had tragically lost his life in a motorcycle accident just a month and a half prior to this incident.

Lilavati Construction, the company responsible for overseeing the sewer cleaning work, extended financial assistance amounting to Rs 10 lakh to the aggrieved family.

Following the incident, DM Rajalingam swiftly ordered an inquiry into the matter, appointing an investigation officer to look into the circumstances surrounding the tragedy. The investigation report is expected to be submitted to the DM within a week.

Supreme Court's Ban on Unsafe Sewer Cleaning Practices

In a significant move aimed at safeguarding the lives of sanitation workers, the Supreme Court imposed a ban on hazardous sewer cleaning practices. According to the Manual Scavenging Act 2013 and a Supreme Court order dated 20 October 2023, it is now a punishable offense for any sanitation worker to descend into a sewer or septic tank without proper safety equipment.

The law stipulates that there should be a total of 59 types of safety equipment available for the protection of sweepers, including essentials like oxygen masks, safety shoes, and safety belts. Additionally, there must be provisions for an ambulance on-site. However, many contractors continue to send cleaning workers into sewers without adequate safety gear, flouting these regulations.

Disturbing Statistics Highlight the Urgency of Action

Recent statistics reveal the grim reality of the dangers faced by sanitation workers across the country. Over the past five years, a total of 339 deaths have been recorded due to accidents while cleaning sewers and septic tanks. This translates to an alarming average of 67 sanitation workers losing their lives each year while performing this hazardous task. Shockingly, these incidents have been reported from 18 states and union territories. The year 2019 saw the highest number of fatalities, with 117 sanitation workers losing their lives while cleaning sewers. Even during the challenging years of 2020 and 2021, amidst the Covid-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns, 22 and 58 sanitation workers, respectively, met tragic ends.

Expert Voices Concern Over Worker Safety

The staggering loss of life among sanitation workers has raised concerns among experts and activists. Bezwada Wilson, a prominent figure leading a nationwide cleanliness movement in India, has been vocal about the need for urgent action to address this issue. Wilson emphasizes that despite repeated appeals to political parties over the past five years, no significant measures have been taken to address the hazardous working conditions faced by sanitation workers.

The recent Supreme Court decision to award compensation of Rs 30 lakh to the families of victims underscores the severity of the situation. Wilson criticizes this compensation amount, stating that it diminishes the value of the lives lost and underscores the urgent need for comprehensive action to protect the safety and dignity of sanitation workers across the nation.

-Translated by Geetha Sunil Pillai


Cong manifesto: Raising 50% quota cap, right to apprenticeship among guarantees

https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cong-manifesto-raising-50-quota-cap-right-to-apprenticeship-among-guarantees-101712315556747.html

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UP: Death of Sanitation Worker in PM Modi's Parliamentary Constituency Raises Questions
UP: Death of Sanitation Worker in PM Modi's Parliamentary Constituency Raises Questions

  •  Jammu And Kashmir, Scrapping Agnipath': Congress Lines Up Big Promises In 'Pannch Nyay' Manifesto

Caste census, statehood to Jammu and Kashmir, scrapping Agnipath’: Congress lines up big promises in ‘Pannch Nyay’ manifesto

The party’s 2024 manifesto revolves around five core pillars: ‘Yuva Nyay’, ‘Naari Nyay’, ‘Kisaan Nyay’, ‘Shramik Nyay’, and ‘Hissedari Nyay’.

Written by India News Desk
Updated: 
Caste census, statehood to Jammu and Kashmir, scrapping Agnipath': Congress lines up big promises in 'Pannch Nyay' manifesto
Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge with senior party leaders Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi during a press conference organised to release the party's manifesto ahead of Lok Sabha elections, in New Delhi, Friday, April 5, 2024. (PTI Photo)

The Congress party launched its manifesto for the 2024 Lok Sabha elections at the All India Congress Committee (AICC) headquarters in Delhi on Friday. The manifesto, highlighting the ‘Panch Nyay’ principle, was unveiled in the presence of party president Mallikarjun Kharge, Congress parliamentary party chairperson Sonia Gandhi, former Congress president Rahul Gandhi, and other prominent leaders.

The party’s 2024 manifesto revolves around five core pillars: ‘Yuva Nyay’, ‘Naari Nyay’, ‘Kisaan Nyay’, ‘Shramik Nyay’, and ‘Hissedari Nyay’. In this manifesto, the party pledges a series of commitments, ranging from the immediate restoration of Jammu and Kashmir to the introduction of a new ‘Right to Apprenticeship Act,’ for youth. The abolishment of the Agnipath program and the directive to the Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard) to resume normal recruitment in order to achieve full sanctioned strength has also been mentioned in the party’s manifesto.


Here are the key takeaways from Congress’ manifesto:

Yuva Nyay (Justice for Youth):

  • Guaranteeing a one-year apprenticeship with private or public sector companies for diploma holders or college graduates below the age of 25, along with a stipend of Rs1 lakh per year.
  • Ensuring the restoration, increase, and full funding of pre-matric and higher education scholarships for disadvantaged groups to effectively reduce dropout rates.
  • Pledging to fill nearly 30 lakh vacancies in sanctioned posts at various levels within the central government, with a stipulation that vacancies in panchayats and municipal bodies be filled according to a timetable agreed upon with state governments.

Naari Nyay (Justice for Women):

  • Launching the Mahalakshmi scheme, providing Rs 1 lakh per year to every poor Indian family as an unconditional cash transfer, with identification of recipients among the families at the bottom of the income pyramid.
  • Reserving one-half (50 per cent) of central government jobs for women, effective from 2025.
  • Vigorously enforcing laws aimed at preventing offences against women, including the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act and the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act.
  • Additionally, Congress promises to enforce the principle of ‘Same Work, Same Wages’ to prevent wage discrimination against women.

Kisaan Nyay (Justice for Farmers):

  • Congress pledges to provide a legal guarantee for Minimum Support Prices (MSP) announced annually by the government, in line with recommendations from the Swaminathan Commission.
  • It proposes to elevate the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) to a statutory body, aiming to bolster agricultural support systems.
  • Additionally, the party commits to eliminating exploitative tax schemes that impede investment in micro and small companies, including those operating in the agricultural sector.

Shramik Nyay (Justice for Laborers):

  • Congress vows to implement reservations for economically weaker sections (EWS) in both job opportunities and educational institutions, ensuring equitable access without discrimination.
  • The adoption of the Rajasthan Model for cashless insurance, providing coverage up to Rs 25 lakhs for universal healthcare, is a key initiative to support laborers.
  • The grand old party commits to raising the wage under MGNREGA to Rs 400 per day. Additionally, we propose to utilise MGNREGA funds and workers for constructing public assets such as classrooms, libraries, and primary health centres.
  • Furthermore, the party plans to amend election laws to enhance transparency, proposing a combination of electronic voting machines (EVMs) and transparent ballot papers for fairer electoral processes.

Hissedari Nyay (Justice for Equity and Inclusion):

  • The party pledges to conduct a nationwide socio-economic and caste census, aiming to bolster affirmative action measures.
  • Commitment is made to pass a constitutional amendment to lift the 50% cap on reservations for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC).
  • Additionally, Congress promises to introduce legislation recognising civil unions among LGBTQI+ couples, ensuring their rights and inclusion in society.


The party also pledges to abolish “Angel tax” and other exploitative tax schemes obstructing investment in new micro, small companies, and innovative startups. In order to prioritise the restoration of voters’ confidence in the electoral process, amendments to election laws are proposed.

Rejecting the ‘one nation one election’ concept, the party commits to holding elections to the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies as per their due dates in accordance with the Constitution and the principles of parliamentary democracy.

Furthermore, prompt restoration of full statehood to Jammu and Kashmir is promised, alongside the commitment to amending the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution to incorporate the tribal areas of Ladakh.



Yahoo

Insider Monkey

20 Most Buddhist Countries in Asia

Minal Zaheer
·9 min read
In this article:
  • AMZN

In this article, we will take a look at the 20 most Buddhist countries in Asia. If you would like to skip our discussion on the global influence of Buddhism, you can go to the 5 Most Buddhist Countries in Asia.

Buddhism is the fourth-largest religion in the world, with over 500 million followers as of 2020. Buddhists make up almost 7% of the world’s population, and almost half of the world's population of Buddhists live in China. Despite having the largest population of Buddhists in the world, only 18% of China’s population identify as Buddhists. The remaining Buddhists live primarily in Asia.

There are many Buddhist-majority countries in Asia, including Bhutan, Cambodia, Thailand, and Myanmar. However, there are only four countries in the world where the official religion is Buddhism. These are Bhutan, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. Despite originating from Nepal and India, Buddhism is not a commonly practiced religion in either country. According to the Pew Research Center, only 1% of Indians and 10% of Nepalese are Buddhists.

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It is interesting to note that only 1.4% of the world’s Buddhist population lives outside Asia. Buddhists are heavily concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region, with 98.7% of the world’s Buddhist population in the region. Meanwhile, 1.2% of American adults identify as Buddhists, and amongst those, two-thirds are Asian-American. Around 1% of Canadians also identify as Buddhists. However, despite these low Buddhist populations, North America is being significantly influenced by the Buddhist philosophy, leading to numerous meditation centers, temples, and cultural practices of Zen across the region.

According to the projections by the Pew Research Center, the United States will be amongst the top 10 countries with the largest Buddhist population by 2050. This would be a significant change as the list has previously been dominated entirely by Asian countries. The Asia-Pacific region is projected to see a decline in the number of Buddhists, while other regions such as the Middle East-North Africa, North America, and Europe are expected to see growth in the total Buddhist populations. Despite the increase in Buddhist populations across various regions, Buddhists are expected to make up only 5% of the global population in 2060.

Unlike the other major religions in the world, Buddhism is considered a philosophy and a lifestyle by a majority of Buddhists. It plays multiple roles in people’s lives. Many Buddhists also believe that it is a culture and ethnicity that one is born into. While many Asians follow Buddhist customs and practices, they may not consider themselves followers of Buddhism as a religion. The symbol of Buddhism is the Dharmachakra (Wheel of the Law). The Dharma Wheel is a symbol of Gautama Buddha himself. It has eight spokes, each one representing one of Buddha's Eightfold Path milestones.

Integration of Buddhist Practices in Corporate Culture

Public companies and organizations such as Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMZN) have been increasingly incorporating Buddhist practices and principles into their operations, often to enhance employee well-being, productivity, and corporate culture. A study published in the Kelaniya Journal of Management shared that utilizing Buddhist principles and methods in organizational management can prove highly beneficial, given their broad applicability and potential to enhance productivity within the organization.

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One notable example is Amazon.com, Inc.'s (NASDAQ:AMZN) AmaZen program, which incorporates yoga, meditation, and mindfulness practices to improve employee mental well-being and productivity. Many corporations have been adopting Buddhist practices to help manage workplace stress and enhance employee satisfaction. However, some have criticized this approach, arguing that it could be seen as an attempt to co-opt Buddhism for corporate gain.




Will they, or won’t they? Making a case for Adivasi (tribal) rights during the 2024 Indian elections

SABRANGINDIA    
In the run up to the elections, the case for Adivasi (tribal) rights is seldom centre stage though political players make out a case to woo tribals often. Sabrang India looks at the build-up to the elections with respect to Adivasis and forest rights, with a closer look at Manipur and Jharkhand. 
Image: Scroll.in

On April 4, Chhattisgarh Adivasi leader Sarju Tekam was arrested by security forces from his home in Bastar. The arrest was described as one that violated all set procedures and due processes. Just two months before that, the sitting chief minister of Jharkhand, Hemant Soren from the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha was arrested by the enforcement directorate as well. He is currently still in prison. A stalwart leader belonging to a revered family of leaders which includes Shibu Soren, who were part of the movement that fought for Jharkhand as an independent state, the move was seen by many as one that sought to stifle the opposition.

The recent moves by the BJP-led government such as the dilution of the Forest Rights Act 2006 by the amendments and incursions through the Forest Conservation (Amendment) Act of 2023, the clampdown on Adivasi leaders, have led to a growing feeling that Adivasi rights are not being trampled.

As nine states go to polling on April 26, just 20 days away, in the second phase of the Lok Sabha 2024 elections, one crucial issue that determines the lives of about 8.61% of India’s population remains often ignored and undermined.

One of the main issues that the tribal communities in India suffer from is the taking away of land by corporate powers. However, their historical right and relationship with the forest has been recognised by the legal system as well – a legal provision that is at threat today.

Diluting existing provisions

The Forest Rights Act of 2006, also known as the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers Act, was created to acknowledge the historical right of India’s Adivasis to forest land that they have inhabited over centuries but whose rights were never officially recorded.

It is estimated that around 100 million Scheduled Tribes continue to reside on or around forest land areas, facing significant economic challenges, particularly exploitation.  The Forest Rights Act, 2006 (FRA) seeks to protect the rights of indigenous forest dwellers including Adivasi’s rights over the forest land.  The Act specifies that Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers have the “right to hold and live in the forest land under the individual or common occupation for habitation or for self-cultivation for livelihood.” It grants them the right to use minor forest produce for their livelihood purposes, as well as the right to conserve, regenerate, or protect forest resources.  Furthermore, it strengthens decentralisation and local governments by empowering the Gram Sabhas with the authority to decide on community and individual claims to forest land.

Thus, the Act addressed the historical injustice faced by forest dwellers whose rights to ancestral lands and habitats were overlooked and furthermore, it recognised that these communities are essential for the survival and sustainability of forest ecosystems. However, these provisions by the FRA were consequently diluted by the Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act 2023. The act has been criticised and protested against because it is noted for placing the objectives of developmental projects over the lives of India’ citizens. As elections arrive, it is crucial to examine the recent developments for or against tribal rights – and also whether political parties have paid attention to concerns of India’s indigenous.

A 2023 report by The Hindu stated it was disclosed by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs in the Lok Sabha that over 38% of all land claims made under the Act until November 30, 2022, were rejected. According to ministry data, titles were distributed for just over 50% of the total claims submitted. This has been an overriding concern. Many claims to land by Adivasi have been rejected over the years, thus, the provisions of the law do not reach the concerned people.

Furthermore, there seems to be a recent effort by the current central government to shift control to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. Issues, such as that of the Forest Rights Act, 2006, that were generally handled by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs are now taken by the environment ministry.

According to the report by The Hindu, when the FRA was enacted in 2006, the government designated the tribal ministry as the primary agency for forest rights matters.

However, the report has claimed that recent advisories issued by the secretaries of both the Ministry of Tribal Affairs and MoEFCC highlight a pattern where the MoEFCC is seen to be assuming a more prominent role in FRA implementation. This shift in decision-making has raised red flags as it appears to undermine the official mandate that designates the tribal ministry as the agency responsible for FRA implementation.

Contesting parties on forest rights

Amidst these rising issues, the Congress party released its manifesto on April 5. It follows up several of the promises that Rahul Gandhi and other Congress leaders made in their electoral campaigns, one of which was to notify Scheduled Area status to areas where Scheduled Tribes are the largest social group. Its manifesto notes, “Congress is committed to notify as ‘Scheduled Area’ all habitations or groups of habitations where ST are the largest social group outside the present Scheduled Areas in all States and Union Territories.” The party has also promised that it would implement the Forest Rights Act effectively with a national mission that has a separate plan and budget for the task. However, despite this inclusion, there is no mention of implementing the FRA, 2006.

The BJP seems to have a tough act to follow. After the arrest of Hemant Soren, former Jharkhand CM, all is not well in Jharkhand. A report by The Hindu has stated that a group of tribals in Jharkhand’s Khunti are not happy with the government and will vote for the INDIA bloc, the current opposition alliance. While the BJP has yet to release its own manifesto, it has called the Congress’ manifesto a ‘bundle of lies.’

However, according to a report by Caravan Magazine, both the Congress and the BJP ‘sidestepped’ Adivasi rights to land in their campaigns. PM Modi cited the example of Draupadi Murmu as being a president from the Adivasi community in his speech, while the Congress party reiterated how they brought out the PESA Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act, 1996 The PESA strengthened local self-government and gave powers to the Gram Sabha in Scheduled Areas for natural resources. However, despite it being passed almost 30 years ago, the report asserts that not many states have implemented the act.

What has been the impact of these developments in electoral results in the past?

In 2019, it was reported that while the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance won 12 seats in the Lok Sabha elections, with 11 going to BJP in Jharkhand, however in the following election in 2019, the party only mustered 2 seats. Hemant Soren’s Jharkhand Mukti Morcha meanwhile gained 7 more seats and won 20 of the total 28 reserved seats in regions with tribal populations.  Furthermore, 8 of the 11 seats the BJP lost in 2019 were from forest sensitive regions, as per an analysis by Indiaspend.

As Northeast India’s Assam, Manipur, Tripura go to polls in the second phase, the fate of the parties remains to be seen. The region has been fraught with tensions and conflicts. For instance, the northeast is also going to reportedly  bear the brunt  of the Forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill, 2023. The new amendments to the Forest Conservation Act, 2023, in the Bill will disproportionately impact the North-eastern states, particularly Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Manipur, and reportedly remove their protective cover. The changes could potentially weaken regulations that safeguard these areas from commercial exploitation, and have the potential to increase misuse of land resources.

Furthermore, as Outer Manipur goes to polls, Manipur which has seen ongoing conflict since May 2023 also has a significant population that may express its dissatisfaction with the government. The state has two parliamentary seats with Inner Manipur Parliamentary Constituency and Outer Manipur Parliamentary Constituency, which is a seat reserved for Scheduled Tribes. While BJP and its ally had won one seat in 2014, 2019 saw parties within the NDA alliance contesting and winning. Currently, the Outer Manipur seat is held by Lorho S. Pfoze, of the Naga People’s Front, a party which has been in alliance with the National Democratic Alliance, and will reportedly continue to ally with the BJP in the upcoming elections. In fact, Manipur, may also influence other states. Moreover, as per a 2023 report by the Indian Express, the ethnic conflict in Manipur is said by many to affect BJP’s votes in tribal belts of Maharashtra.

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