UNTOUCHABLES NEWS.10.04.2024.By.Team Sivaji.chennai.9444917060.whatsapp.
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A dalit farmer was beaten by a bully who entered his house.
Malihabad, Lucknow. A bully entered the house of a Dalit farmer, kicked and punched him, his wife and daughter-in-law, used caste based abuses and threatened to kill him and then ran away. Dalit farmer Prasadi, resident of Tikrikala village of Mal police station area, has alleged in the report that he was sitting outside the house of Anil Singh of the same village at around 8.30 pm on March 23.
Then Rajendra Singh from the village came and started abusing the Dalit farmer on caste basis. When Rajendra protested, he threatened to kill the victim and ran away. Next day, on March 24, in the morning, Rajendra Singh entered the house of Dalit farmer Prasadi and beat him with kicks and punches. The victim’s wife and daughter-in-law, who came to his rescue, were pushed to the ground. On the complaint of the victim Dalit farmer, the Mall Police has registered a case under serious sections including the SCST Act.
UThe 197th birth anniversary of Father of the Nation Jyotiba Rao Phule will be celebrated with great pomp on 11 April.
Aligarh. The 197th birth anniversary of Father of the Nation Jyotiba Rao Phule will be celebrated with great pomp by Bharatiya Mali (Saini) Samaj Utthan and Vikas Samiti, Uttar Pradesh, Saini Yuva Kranti District, Aligarh and United Saini, Kushwaha, Shakya, Maurya. 11.
On April 2024. While addressing a press conference held at a restaurant on Tuesday, committee chairman tax advocate Mukesh Kumar Saini, Rakesh Saini Lambardar, Bantu Saini, Amit Saini said that on Thursday, April 11, on the 197th birth anniversary of Father of the Nation Jyotiba Rao Phule, this information was given. Various programs will be organized.
On this occasion, the 5th Sankalp Yatra (Run for Jyotiba Phule) will be inaugurated by lighting the lamp from Keshav Vatika, Nagla Tikona at 8 am in the morning. The main objective of this Sankalp Yatra is to awaken the light of Jyotiba Rao’s education and to imbibe his ideal thoughts. Father of the Nation Phule ji was a great social reformer, social enlightener, thinker, writer, philosopher, social worker, revolutionary and a versatile personality.
He started the talk of women’s liberation from his own home and was the first savior of women. President Mukesh Kumar Saini told that the Sankalp Yatra will start from Keshav Vatika and pass through Chandaniya Chowk, Thapar Square, Meenakshi Bridge, Padav Dubey, Manik Chowk, Madar Gate Square, Achal Tal, Naurangabad, Marghat Wali Gali and will end at Keshav Vatika. A function to honor the intelligentsia, social workers, elderly people etc. will be organized in the auditorium of Vatika. The chief guests of the program will be Shri Swami Gyan Sagar Ji Peethadhishwar Jagadguru Vishwakarma Upshankarcharya Prayagraj Allahabad, Founder Amarnath Sanatan Yugvendra and National Fire Army. Prominent in the press conference were Mukesh Saini (Dishwale), Ganesh Saini, Dr. Chetan Saini, Laxman Saini, Brijkishore Saini, Sher Singh Saini (Sabhasad), Sachin Saini (Bharat Kesari), Banwari Lal Pradhanji, Rajesh Saini (Chashma), Dushyant Saini, Vikas Saini, Mukesh Saini, Ankit Paliwal etc. were present.
Dalit groom ordered not to ride on mare in wedding, demands security from Collector-SP
Ranjit Bairwa of Beelamata village of Tonk Gram Panchayat Lambakalan has reached the district headquarters along with his family members and sought security in his marriage. Because he fears that upper caste people will stop him from riding the mare and there will be a dispute. Therefore, he has given a memorandum to Collector Dr. Soumya Jha and SP Sanjeev Nain demanding to provide security in the wedding procession.
Ranjit told that on April 17, on Ram Navami, he is to be married to Sona Bairwa, daughter of Prahlad Bairwa, resident of Handikalan village of Piplu tehsil. The influential people of his village have issued a decree for the past many years that any person from the Dalit community in the village will be taken out of the village in a procession sitting on a mare. The matter was made known through a memorandum given to the Collector’s personal secretary and later to the SP, demanding security. Bhim Sena District President Ashok Bairwa said that strict legal action should be taken against such people.
Those who gave the memorandum Ranjit Bairwa, Ramswaroop Bairwa, Sukhpal Bairwa were also present. Had talked to the influential people of the family: Ranjit, who came to submit the memorandum, told that regarding the marriage, he and his family had talked to the influential people of the village and requested for the marriage procession to be taken out on mare. But they rejected the request of the family members. Therefore, in this case, police protection has been demanded for taking out the procession.
Pratapgarh Gangrape: Councilor’s wife brutalized, rod inserted in private part after gangrape
Pratapgarh Rape Case News: A case of gang rape of a councilor’s wife has come to light in Pratapgarh. The family alleges that the accused inserted a rod into the woman’s private parts after the rape to damage her private parts. The woman has been admitted to the medical college in critical condition due to excessive bleeding. The condition of the woman remains serious. The BJP MP is also being accused of giving protection to the accused in the case. The incident took place in Gadwara Town of Antu police station.
Gang rape with councilor’s wife
The police is considering this incident as an assault and after receiving the complaint, they are talking about registering a case and taking legal action. In this case, Additional Superintendent of Police East Durgesh Singh issued a statement saying that a person from the village had given a piece of his land to the victim. But the person making the deed
Construction was being done on it by the brother. On receiving the complaint on Wednesday, challan 107/16 has been issued to both the parties. Regarding the incident, ASP claims that information has been received about fighting with bricks and stones, the complaint has not been received yet. On receiving the complaint, a case will be registered and legal action will be taken.
Not the first such incident in the area: ASP
ASP Durgesh Singh says that this is not the first such incident in the district. In the year 2018, on 6th February, in Teunga of Nagar Kotwali area, criminals entered the house of Rabia, who was living alone, and carried out the incident of gang rape. They also inserted an iron rod into his private parts and attacked him.
By doing this both his arms and legs were broken. He later died during treatment.
Courtesy : News Track.
Outrage over the murder of Dalit youth in Indore: People of Balai community surrounded Lasudia police station, road remained blocked for hours.
Durgesh Solanki murder case: On Friday night in Ravidas Nagar, Indore, bullies entered the house and murdered Durgesh Solanki. Due to which the angry people of Balai community surrounded the police station on Saturday.
Durgesh Solanki murder case: There is anger in the area over the murder of Dalit youth Durgesh Solanki on Friday in Ravidas Nagar, Indore. Members of the All India Balai Mahasangh along with their families staged a protest outside the Lasudia police station demanding demolition of the houses of the accused and relief money to the dependents of the deceased. The road remained blocked for hours due to the protest.
Dalit leader Manoj Parmar told the police officers that the third member of the Dalit community has been murdered in the last 15 days. The police are not taking action, hence the morale of the accused is high. If we do not get justice, there will be a violent protest.
Manoj Parmar, while referring to the recent murder in Banganga area, said that a few days ago, Koteshwar Chaure and his father Balram were also murdered by influential people. The police administration had given assurance, but neither the houses of the accused were demolished nor any relief amount was sanctioned.
Manoj Parmar raised questions on the lax attitude of the police. Said, crimes are increasing only due to the negligence of the police. The murder of Durgesh Solanki is also the result of this laziness. The police have demanded that the houses of the accused be demolished as soon as possible. Also, relief amount should be provided to the family of the deceased.
Participated in protests
During the protest, Balai Mahasangh’s Chintu Malviya, Lucky Malviya, Shubham Malviya, Santosh Alone, Laxman Khede, Vikas Pathrod, Dinesh Hirve, Rikku Soni, Dinesh Kulpare, Pawan Bhavsar, Sachin Kochle, Prashant Savner, Kanha Bakawale, Rakesh Solanki, Gaurav Wankhede Rishit Malviya and others were present.
Tribute paid to martyr emperor Matadin Bhangi ji on his martyrdom day.
On 08-04-2024, on the martyrdom day of the architect of the first (1857) revolution of independence, the great Dalit native revolutionary, the brave great hero Martyr Emperor Matadin Bhangi ji, by the joint platform of Dalit Exploitation Mukti Manch and social organizations, Sudarshan Nagar Chunni Ganj Kanpur. Tribute paid in
Convener Govind Narayan, while paying tribute, told the people that the brave martyr emperor Mahanayak Matadin Bhangi ji was the first rebel of the country and he was given death sentence by the British on 08 April because he was rebelling. We all pay our respects to her on her 167th Martyrdom Day. Chaman Khanna said that on this day, 08 April 1857, Matadin Bhangi ji was hanged by the British. The first name in the FIR lodged by the British in the 1857 revolution was that of the brave Mahanayak Matadin ji, it was he who had inspired Mangal Pandey and other fellow soldiers to revolt against the British government.
The Manuwadi historians of the country had tried their best to erase his name, but the truth never remains hidden and comes out when the right time comes. That is why Baba Saheb said to read and study, all our brothers and sisters must read mission books along with school books because reading mission books along with true history increases your power of thinking and understanding. When your power will increase, no devil will be able to make you mentally weak (sick) to drink urine, worship cow dung or throw away milk. It will also become known how Manuwadis hid our true history and how they stole our history and made it their own. Among those who paid tribute:- Harbhajan Balmiki, Harishchandra Sagar, Ramesh Verma Harishankar Verma, Shiva Kaithal, Kunal Balmiki, Madan Longvarsha, Rinku Fighter, Abhijat Balmiki, Tarun Balmiki, Raunak Balmiki, Jaiprakash Khanna, Premchandra, Santosh Seth, Raja Khanna (Danny ), Vijay Pandit, Shrestha Khanna, Hasrath Valmiki, Kartik Valmiki, Laddu Valmiki etc.
DNA Verified: Supreme Court bans EVM due to glitches? EC reveals the truth
EVM appears to be at the top of the list when it comes to national blame. Simultaneously, there have been rumours circulating that the nation’s top court, the Supreme Court, has prohibited electronic voting machines (EVMs) in elections due to malfunctions it discovered.
Varnika Srivastava
In the 1982 Kerala state elections, electronic voting machines (EVMs) were used for the first time in the nation. Since then, various statements and accusations about this machine have been made on occasion.
This is why many people claim that EVM appears to be at the top of the list when it comes to national blame. Simultaneously, there have been rumours circulating that the nation’s top court, the Supreme Court, has prohibited electronic voting machines (EVMs) in elections due to malfunctions it discovered.
Many places are claiming that the country’s Supreme Court has banned EVMs. In response, the Election Commission of India updated its website, https://mythvsreality.eci.gov.in/, to refute these false claims. A segment of Myth vs. Reality on various election-related issues has begun, in details/evm. The Election Commission has explained the facts behind the Supreme Court’s and the High Court’s ban on electronic voting machines in this myth versus reality debate. But what’s the real story behind this? Here it is.
Since 2001, complaints have been brought against EVMs in a number of the nation’s High Courts, sparking concerns about potential irregularities and bringing up this topic. The Supreme Court has occasionally looked into cases involving a variety of topics pertaining to the administrative security, usage, robustness, dependability, and technical security of electronic voting machines (EVMs). It has done this in cooperation with numerous national agencies.
In 2001, the Madras High Court acknowledged that “it is not possible to hack or tamper with EVMs” while deliberating over a case. The Supreme Court dismissed appeals against High Court orders in numerous cases involving EVMs and fined petitioners, characterising their actions as nothing more than publicity gimmicks.
In the Lok Sabha elections 2024, the Election Commission will use only EVMs during the elections, which will be held in seven phases across the country from 19 April 2024 to 1 June 2024. The results will be announced simultaneously across the country on 4 June
Courtesy : DNA
No future elections in India if PM Modi re-elected: Nirmala Sitharaman’s husband Parakala Prabhakar
A situation like Ladakh and Manipur will arise in the entire country, Parakala Prabhakar said
Political economist and husband of Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Parakala Prabhakar said if the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) wins the upcoming Lok Sabha polls and Prime Minister Narendra Modi is re-elected again in 2024, then there will never be elections in the country again.
“PM Modi himself will give a hate speech from the Red Fort and a situation like Ladakh-Manipur will arise in the entire country,” Dr. Prabhakar is heard saying in a video shared by Congress’s official X handle.
In the video, Dr. Prabhakar also alleged that the Constitution and map of the country will change if PM Modi and his Cabinet return to power. “Aap isko pehechan bhi nahin sakenge (You would not be able to recognise this [India])“, he said.
Citing statements made by BJP leaders, like ‘isko Pakistan jaane ka hai, jane do’ (If they want to go to Pakistan, let them), Dr. Prabhakar said that these hate speeches will now rise from Red Fort in Delhi.
“Modi himself will give a hate speech from the Red Fort and it won’t be done silently or subtly,” Dr. Prabhakar said. The hate speeches will be ‘Khula Khel’, the economist added.
Dr. Prabhakar also said that the unrest that gripped Manipur due to the ethnic clashes between Kuki and Meitei communities will be the norm across India, if at all Mr. Modi returns to power.
Courtesy : The Hindu
เฎคเฎฎிเฎดเฎเฎค்เฎคிเฎฒ் เฎாเฎคி เฎเฎுเฎ்เฎுเฎฎுเฎฑைเฎ்เฎு เฎเฎคிเฎฐாเฎฉ เฎชோเฎฐாเฎ்เฎเฎค்เฎคிเฎฒ் เฎชௌเฎค்เฎคเฎค்เฎคிเฎฉ் เฎชเฎ்เฎு
เฎชி.เฎே.เฎชாเฎฒเฎ்เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฐเฎฉ்/เฎெเฎฏ்เฎฒி เฎฎிเฎฐเฎฐ் เฎฎூเฎฒเฎฎ்
เฎொเฎดுเฎฎ்เฎชு, เฎเฎช்เฎฐเฎฒ் 9: เฎคเฎฎிเฎด்เฎจாเฎு เฎเฎ்เฎชเฎ เฎชเฎฃ்เฎைเฎฏ เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏாเฎตிเฎฒ் เฎிเฎฑிเฎค்เฎคเฎต เฎเฎாเฎช்เฎคเฎค்เฎคிเฎฉ் เฎเฎฐเฎฎ்เฎช เฎเฎฃ்เฎுเฎเฎณிเฎฒ் เฎเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคு เฎுเฎฎாเฎฐ் 14 เฎเฎฎ் เฎจூเฎฑ்เฎฑாเฎฃ்เฎு เฎตเฎฐை เฎชௌเฎค்เฎคเฎฎ் เฎคเฎดைเฎค்เฎคோเฎ்เฎிเฎฏเฎคு. เฎ เฎคเฎฉ் เฎเฎ்เฎเฎค்เฎคிเฎฒ், เฎ เฎคு เฎ เฎฐเฎ เฎเฎคเฎฐเฎตைเฎช் เฎชெเฎฑ்เฎฑเฎคு เฎฎเฎฑ்เฎฑுเฎฎ் เฎ เฎจ்เฎค เฎจேเฎฐเฎค்เฎคிเฎฒ் เฎจเฎเฎฐ்เฎช்เฎชுเฎฑ เฎฎเฎฑ்เฎฑுเฎฎ் เฎตเฎฃிเฎ เฎตเฎฐ்เฎ்เฎเฎ்เฎเฎณை เฎเฎณ்เฎณเฎเฎ்เฎிเฎฏ เฎเฎฏเฎฐเฎுเฎ்เฎிเฎฉ் เฎฎเฎคเฎฎாเฎ เฎเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคเฎคு.
เฎชௌเฎค்เฎคเฎฎ் เฎชเฎฒ்เฎตேเฎฑு เฎாเฎฐเฎฃเฎ்เฎเฎณுเฎ்เฎாเฎ เฎเฎைเฎ்เฎாเฎฒเฎค்เฎคிเฎฒ் เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏாเฎตிเฎฒ் เฎเฎฒ்เฎฒாเฎฎเฎฒ் เฎชோเฎฉเฎคு, เฎฎேเฎฒுเฎฎ் 19 เฎเฎฎ் เฎจூเฎฑ்เฎฑாเฎฃ்เฎிเฎฉ் เฎเฎฑுเฎคி เฎเฎฃ்เฎுเฎเฎณிเฎฒ் เฎฎเฎ்เฎுเฎฎே เฎเฎฐு เฎตเฎைเฎฏாเฎฉ เฎฎเฎฑுเฎฎเฎฒเฎฐ்เฎ்เฎிเฎฏைเฎ் เฎเฎฃ்เฎเฎคு.
เฎชிเฎฐிเฎ்เฎிเฎท் เฎคொเฎฒ்เฎชொเฎฐுเฎณ் เฎเฎฐாเฎฏ்เฎ்เฎிเฎฏாเฎณเฎฐ்เฎเฎณ் เฎฎเฎฑ்เฎฑுเฎฎ் เฎเฎฒเฎ்เฎைเฎฏிเฎฒுเฎฎ் เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏாเฎตிเฎฒுเฎฎ் เฎாเฎฒเฎฉிเฎค்เฎคுเฎต เฎเฎคிเฎฐ்เฎช்เฎชு เฎฎเฎฑ்เฎฑுเฎฎ் เฎฎเฎค เฎฎเฎฑுเฎฎเฎฒเฎฐ்เฎ்เฎி เฎเฎฏเฎ்เฎเฎ்เฎเฎณ் เฎிเฎดเฎ்เฎு เฎிเฎจ்เฎคเฎฉைเฎฏிเฎฒ் เฎเฎฐ்เฎตเฎฎுเฎณ்เฎณ เฎเฎฐோเฎช்เฎชிเฎฏเฎฐ்เฎเฎณாเฎฒ் เฎคூเฎฃ்เฎเฎช்เฎชเฎ்เฎ เฎเฎฃ்เฎுเฎชிเฎிเฎช்เฎชுเฎเฎณ், 19 เฎเฎฎ் เฎจூเฎฑ்เฎฑாเฎฃ்เฎிเฎฉ் เฎเฎฑுเฎคிเฎฏிเฎฒ் เฎชௌเฎค்เฎคเฎค்เฎคிเฎฉ் เฎฎீเฎคாเฎฉ เฎเฎฐ்เฎตเฎค்เฎคை เฎ เฎคிเฎเฎฐிเฎ்เฎ เฎாเฎฐเฎฃเฎฎாเฎ เฎเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคเฎฉ .
เฎเฎฒเฎ்เฎைเฎฏிเฎฒ், เฎชௌเฎค்เฎค เฎฎเฎฑுเฎฎเฎฒเฎฐ்เฎ்เฎிเฎฏாเฎฉเฎคு เฎคேเฎிเฎฏเฎตாเฎค เฎเฎดுเฎ்เฎிเฎฏிเฎฉ் เฎเฎฐு เฎชเฎுเฎคிเฎฏாเฎ เฎเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคเฎคு, เฎเฎฐு เฎคேเฎிเฎฏ เฎ เฎைเฎฏாเฎณเฎค்เฎคிเฎฑ்เฎாเฎฉ เฎคேเฎเฎฒ். เฎเฎฉாเฎฒ் เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏாเฎตிเฎฒ் เฎ เฎคเฎฉ் เฎฎเฎฑுเฎฎเฎฒเฎฐ்เฎ்เฎி เฎชாเฎฐเฎฎ்เฎชเฎฐிเฎฏเฎฎாเฎ เฎเฎுเฎ்เฎเฎช்เฎชเฎ்เฎ "เฎคீเฎฃ்เฎเฎค்เฎคเฎாเฎค" เฎாเฎคிเฎเฎณை เฎตிเฎுเฎตிเฎ்เฎுเฎฎ் เฎเฎฏเฎ்เฎเฎค்เฎคிเฎฉ் เฎเฎฐு เฎชเฎுเฎคிเฎฏாเฎுเฎฎ், เฎเฎช்เฎชோเฎคு เฎคเฎฒிเฎค்เฎคுเฎเฎณ் เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑு เฎ เฎดைเฎ்เฎเฎช்เฎชเฎுเฎிเฎฉ்เฎฑเฎฉ.
เฎคเฎฒிเฎค் เฎตிเฎுเฎคเฎฒைเฎ்เฎாเฎเฎช் เฎชோเฎฐாเฎுเฎตเฎคเฎฑ்เฎு เฎฎுเฎคเฎฒிเฎฒ் เฎชௌเฎค்เฎคเฎค்เฎคை เฎเฎฏுเฎคเฎฎாเฎเฎช் เฎชเฎฏเฎฉ்เฎชเฎுเฎค்เฎคிเฎฏเฎตเฎฐ் เฎคเฎฎிเฎด்เฎจாเฎ்เฎிเฎฉ் เฎชเฎฃ்เฎிเฎ் เฎி. เฎเฎฏோเฎคி เฎคாเฎธ் (1845-1914). เฎ เฎตเฎฐைเฎค் เฎคொเฎเฎฐ்เฎจ்เฎคு เฎเฎค்เฎคเฎฐเฎชிเฎฐเฎคேเฎเฎค்เฎคைเฎ் เฎேเฎฐ்เฎจ்เฎค เฎுเฎตாเฎฎி เฎ เฎ்เฎுเฎคாเฎฉเฎจ்เฎค் เฎนเฎฐிเฎนเฎฐ் เฎฎเฎฑ்เฎฑுเฎฎ் เฎชเฎ்เฎாเฎชிเฎฉ் เฎชாเฎชு เฎฎเฎ்เฎு เฎฐாเฎฎ் เฎเฎிเฎฏோเฎฐ் เฎเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคเฎฉเฎฐ். เฎเฎฑுเฎคிเฎฏாเฎ, Dr.BRAmbedkar เฎ เฎคை เฎคเฎฒிเฎค் เฎตிเฎுเฎคเฎฒைเฎฏிเฎฉ் เฎเฎฑைเฎฏிเฎฏเฎฒ் เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑு เฎตเฎฒுเฎตாเฎ เฎிเฎค்เฎคเฎฐிเฎค்เฎคு เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏ เฎฎுเฎฉ்เฎฉเฎฃிเฎ்เฎு เฎொเฎฃ்เฎு เฎตเฎจ்เฎคாเฎฐ்.
เฎเฎฏோเฎคீ เฎคாเฎธ்
"เฎชเฎฑைเฎฏเฎฐ்" เฎுเฎுเฎฎ்เฎชเฎค்เฎคிเฎฒ் เฎชிเฎฑเฎจ்เฎค เฎเฎฏோเฎคி เฎคாเฎธ், เฎிเฎค்เฎค เฎฎเฎฐுเฎค்เฎคுเฎต (เฎคเฎฎிเฎด் เฎเฎฏுเฎฐ்เฎตேเฎคเฎฎ்) เฎฎเฎฐுเฎค்เฎคுเฎตเฎฐாเฎ เฎคเฎฉเฎคு เฎตாเฎด்เฎ்เฎைเฎฏைเฎค் เฎคொเฎเฎ்เฎிเฎฉாเฎฐ். เฎชுเฎเฎด்เฎชெเฎฑ்เฎฑ เฎிเฎค்เฎค เฎฎเฎฐுเฎค்เฎคுเฎตเฎฐாเฎ เฎ เฎตเฎฐ் เฎเฎฎเฎธ்เฎிเฎฐுเฎคเฎฎ் เฎฎเฎฑ்เฎฑுเฎฎ் เฎชாเฎฒி เฎฎเฎฑ்เฎฑுเฎฎ் เฎเฎ்เฎிเฎฒเฎค்เฎคிเฎฒுเฎฎ் เฎจเฎฉ்เฎு เฎคேเฎฐ்เฎ்เฎி เฎชெเฎฑ்เฎฑிเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคாเฎฐ். เฎคเฎฎிเฎด் เฎเฎฒเฎ்เฎிเฎฏเฎตாเฎคி เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑ เฎชெเฎฐுเฎฎைเฎฏைเฎฏுเฎฎ் เฎชெเฎฑ்เฎฑாเฎฐ். เฎ เฎตเฎฐ் 1870 เฎเฎณிเฎฒ் เฎฎเฎฒைเฎตாเฎด் เฎชเฎดเฎ்เฎுเฎிเฎฏிเฎฉเฎฐுเฎ்เฎுเฎฎ், 1890 เฎเฎณிเฎฒ் เฎคீเฎฃ்เฎเฎค்เฎคเฎாเฎค เฎเฎจ்เฎคு เฎாเฎคிเฎเฎณுเฎ்เฎுเฎฎ் เฎตாเฎคிเฎเฎค் เฎคொเฎเฎ்เฎிเฎฉாเฎฐ். 1891 เฎเฎฎ் เฎเฎฃ்เฎிเฎฒ், เฎ เฎตเฎฐ் เฎคீเฎฃ்เฎเฎค்เฎคเฎாเฎค เฎாเฎคிเฎเฎณிเฎฉ் เฎ เฎฎைเฎช்เฎชாเฎฉ เฎชเฎ்เฎเฎฎเฎฐ் เฎฎเฎாเฎเฎฉ เฎเฎชைเฎฏை เฎจிเฎฑுเฎตிเฎฉாเฎฐ்.
เฎ เฎตเฎฐ் 1885 เฎเฎฒ் เฎฐெเฎต் เฎாเฎฉ் เฎฐเฎค்เฎคிเฎฉเฎค்เฎคுเฎเฎฉ் เฎเฎฃைเฎจ்เฎคு "เฎคிเฎฐாเฎตிเฎ เฎชாเฎฃ்เฎிเฎฏเฎฉ்" เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑ เฎเฎคเฎดைเฎค் เฎคொเฎเฎ்เฎிเฎฉாเฎฐ். 1886 เฎเฎฎ் เฎเฎฃ்เฎிเฎฒ், เฎாเฎ்เฎเฎฐ் เฎชிเฎฐเฎฎ்เฎชேเฎค்เฎเฎฐுเฎ்เฎு เฎ เฎฐை เฎจூเฎฑ்เฎฑாเฎฃ்เฎுเฎ்เฎு เฎฎுเฎฉ்เฎชே เฎ เฎตเฎฐ் เฎเฎฐு เฎ เฎฑிเฎ்เฎைเฎฏை เฎตெเฎณிเฎฏிเฎ்เฎாเฎฐ், เฎคீเฎฃ்เฎเฎค்เฎคเฎாเฎคเฎตเฎฐ்เฎเฎณ் เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑு เฎ เฎดைเฎ்เฎเฎช்เฎชเฎுเฎชเฎตเฎฐ்เฎเฎณ் เฎเฎจ்เฎคுเฎ்เฎเฎณ் เฎ เฎฒ்เฎฒ เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑு เฎூเฎฑிเฎฉாเฎฐ்.
เฎคாเฎธ் 'เฎคிเฎฐாเฎตிเฎ เฎฎเฎாเฎเฎฉ เฎเฎชை'เฎฏை เฎจிเฎฑுเฎตி, เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏ เฎคேเฎிเฎฏ เฎாเฎ்เฎிเฎฐเฎธிเฎเฎฎ் เฎจூเฎฑ்เฎฑுเฎ்เฎเฎฃเฎ்เฎாเฎฉ เฎคเฎฒிเฎค்เฎคுเฎเฎณிเฎฉ் เฎைเฎฏெเฎดுเฎค்เฎคுเฎเฎฉ் เฎฎเฎฉு เฎ เฎณிเฎค்เฎคாเฎฐ், 'เฎชเฎฐிเฎฏா' เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑ เฎตாเฎฐ்เฎค்เฎคைเฎฏை เฎ เฎตเฎฎเฎคிเฎช்เฎชு เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑு เฎாเฎ்เฎிเฎฐเฎธ் เฎเฎ்เฎி เฎ เฎฑிเฎตிเฎ்เฎ เฎตேเฎฃ்เฎுเฎฎ் เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑு เฎேเฎ்เฎுเฎ் เฎொเฎฃ்เฎாเฎฐ். เฎ เฎคเฎฑ்เฎுเฎณ், "เฎชเฎฐிเฎฏா" เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑ เฎொเฎฒ் เฎเฎฐு เฎเฎดிเฎตாเฎฉ เฎจเฎชเฎฐுเฎ்เฎு เฎเฎ்เฎிเฎฒ เฎฎொเฎดிเฎฏிเฎฉ் เฎเฎฐு เฎชเฎுเฎคிเฎฏாเฎ เฎฎாเฎฑிเฎตிเฎ்เฎเฎคு.
เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏாเฎตிเฎฒ் 1901 เฎเฎฎ் เฎเฎฃ்เฎு เฎฎเฎ்เฎเฎณ்เฎคொเฎை เฎเฎฃเฎ்เฎெเฎுเฎช்เฎชு เฎจเฎเฎค்เฎคเฎช்เฎชเฎ்เฎเฎชோเฎคு, เฎคீเฎฃ்เฎเฎค்เฎคเฎாเฎคเฎตเฎฐ்เฎเฎณ் เฎคเฎ்เฎเฎณை เฎเฎจ்เฎคுเฎ்เฎเฎณாเฎ เฎเฎฒ்เฎฒாเฎฎเฎฒ் "เฎாเฎคிเฎฏเฎฑ்เฎฑ เฎคிเฎฐாเฎตிเฎเฎฐ்เฎเฎณ்" เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑு เฎชเฎคிเฎตு เฎெเฎฏ்เฎฏுเฎฎாเฎฑு เฎคாเฎธ் เฎตเฎฒிเฎฏுเฎฑுเฎค்เฎคிเฎฉாเฎฐ். 1911 เฎฎเฎ்เฎเฎณ்เฎคொเฎை เฎเฎฃเฎ்เฎெเฎுเฎช்เฎชிเฎฉ் เฎชோเฎคு เฎ เฎตเฎฐ் เฎோเฎฐிเฎ்เฎைเฎฏை เฎฎீเฎฃ்เฎுเฎฎ் เฎூเฎฑிเฎฉாเฎฐ்.
1898 เฎเฎฒ் เฎชுเฎค்เฎค เฎฎเฎคเฎค்เฎคிเฎฑ்เฎு เฎฎாเฎฑ்เฎฑเฎช்เฎชเฎ்เฎ เฎคாเฎธ், เฎคீเฎฃ்เฎเฎค்เฎคเฎாเฎคเฎตเฎฐ்เฎเฎณை 'เฎเฎฐிเฎிเฎฉเฎฒ் เฎชௌเฎค்เฎคเฎฐ்เฎเฎณ்' เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑு เฎுเฎฑிเฎช்เฎชிเฎுเฎฎ்เฎชเฎி เฎชிเฎฐிเฎ்เฎிเฎท் เฎเฎ்เฎிเฎฏாเฎณเฎฐ்เฎเฎณை เฎตเฎฒிเฎฏுเฎฑுเฎค்เฎคிเฎฉாเฎฐ். เฎเฎต்เฎตாเฎฑு, 1956 เฎเฎฒ் เฎเฎฏிเฎฐเฎ்เฎเฎฃเฎ்เฎாเฎฉ เฎคเฎฒிเฎค்เฎคுเฎเฎณுเฎเฎฉ் เฎชுเฎค்เฎค เฎฎเฎคเฎค்เฎคிเฎฑ்เฎு เฎฎாเฎฑிเฎฏ เฎคเฎฑ்เฎชோเฎคைเฎฏ เฎชௌเฎค்เฎค เฎிเฎฉ்เฎฉเฎฎாเฎฉ เฎாเฎ்เฎเฎฐ் เฎชிเฎฐเฎฎ்เฎชேเฎค்เฎเฎฐிเฎฉ் เฎฎுเฎฉ்เฎฉோเฎிเฎฏாเฎ เฎคாเฎธ் เฎเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคாเฎฐ்.
เฎฎเฎคเฎฎ் เฎฎாเฎฑிเฎฏ เฎชிเฎฑเฎு, เฎคாเฎธ் เฎคிเฎฏோเฎாเฎชிเฎเฎฒ் เฎொเฎைเฎ்เฎிเฎฏிเฎฉ் เฎเฎฐ்เฎฉเฎฒ் เฎนெเฎฉ்เฎฑி เฎเฎฒ்เฎாเฎ்เฎை เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎค்เฎคு เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏ เฎคเฎฎிเฎดเฎฐ்เฎเฎณிเฎைเฎฏே เฎชௌเฎค்เฎค เฎฎเฎคเฎค்เฎคை เฎตเฎณเฎฐ்เฎ்เฎ เฎเฎคเฎตி เฎேเฎ்เฎாเฎฐ். เฎชிเฎ்เฎு เฎுเฎฎเฎ்เฎเฎฒเฎตிเฎเฎฎிเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคு เฎคீเฎ்เฎை (เฎคீเฎ்เฎை) เฎชெเฎฑுเฎตเฎคเฎฑ்เฎாเฎ เฎ เฎตเฎฐ் เฎเฎฒเฎ்เฎைเฎ்เฎு เฎตிเฎเฎฏเฎฎ் เฎெเฎฏ்เฎคாเฎฐ். เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏாเฎตுเฎ்เฎுเฎค் เฎคிเฎฐுเฎฎ்เฎชிเฎฏเฎคுเฎฎ், เฎชเฎฐ்เฎฎா, เฎเฎฒเฎ்เฎை, เฎฎเฎฒேเฎிเฎฏா, เฎชிเฎி เฎฎเฎฑ்เฎฑுเฎฎ் เฎคெเฎฉ்เฎฉாเฎช்เฎชிเฎฐிเฎ்เฎா เฎเฎிเฎฏ เฎจாเฎுเฎเฎณிเฎฒ் เฎிเฎณைเฎเฎณுเฎเฎฉ் "เฎாเฎ்เฎிเฎฏ เฎชுเฎค்เฎค เฎเฎ்เฎเฎค்เฎคை" เฎ เฎตเฎฐ் เฎจிเฎฑுเฎตிเฎฉாเฎฐ், เฎ เฎ்เฎு เฎชเฎฒ เฎคเฎฎிเฎด் เฎคเฎฒிเฎค்เฎคுเฎเฎณ் เฎเฎ்เฎிเฎฒேเฎฏเฎฐ்เฎเฎณாเฎฒ் เฎจเฎเฎค்เฎคเฎช்เฎชเฎுเฎฎ் เฎคோเฎ்เฎเฎ்เฎเฎณிเฎฒ் เฎเฎช்เฎชเฎจ்เฎคเฎค் เฎคொเฎดிเฎฒாเฎณเฎฐ்เฎเฎณாเฎ เฎตேเฎฒை เฎெเฎฏ்เฎคเฎฉเฎฐ்.
เฎชிเฎฑ்เฎாเฎฒเฎค்เฎคிเฎฒ் เฎ เฎฎ்เฎชேเฎค்เฎเฎฐைเฎช் เฎชோเฎฒเฎตே, เฎคாเฎด்เฎค்เฎคเฎช்เฎชเฎ்เฎ เฎாเฎคிเฎเฎณ் เฎฎீเฎคு เฎเฎคிเฎ்เฎเฎฎ் เฎெเฎฒுเฎค்เฎค เฎாเฎคி, เฎฎเฎคเฎฎ், เฎเฎฒ்เฎตி เฎฎเฎฑ்เฎฑுเฎฎ் เฎெเฎฒ்เฎตเฎค்เฎคைเฎช் เฎชเฎฏเฎฉ்เฎชเฎுเฎค்เฎคிเฎฏ เฎเฎฏเฎฐ்เฎாเฎคி เฎเฎจ்เฎคுเฎ்เฎเฎณிเฎฉ் เฎตிเฎดுเฎฎிเฎฏเฎ்เฎเฎณை เฎเฎณ்เฎณเฎเฎ்เฎிเฎฏเฎคாเฎเฎ் เฎூเฎฑி เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏ เฎுเฎคเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฐ เฎเฎฏเฎ்เฎเฎค்เฎคிเฎฑ்เฎு เฎเฎคிเฎฐாเฎ เฎคாเฎธ் เฎเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคாเฎฐ்.
เฎคாเฎธ் เฎคเฎฎிเฎด் เฎெเฎต்เฎตிเฎฏเฎฒ் เฎเฎฒเฎ்เฎிเฎฏเฎ்เฎเฎณை เฎชௌเฎค்เฎค เฎเฎฃ்เฎฃோเฎ்เฎเฎค்เฎคிเฎฒ் เฎตிเฎณเฎ்เฎிเฎฉாเฎฐ். เฎเฎตเฎฐுเฎைเฎฏ เฎชுเฎค்เฎคเฎเฎฎ் “เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฐเฎฐ் เฎคேเฎ เฎเฎฐிเฎค்เฎคிเฎฐเฎฎ் ” (เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏாเฎตிเฎฉ் เฎตเฎฐเฎฒாเฎฑு), เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏாเฎตிเฎฉ் เฎฎுเฎคเฎฒ் เฎเฎชாเฎฒ்เฎเฎฐ்เฎฉ் เฎตเฎฐเฎฒாเฎฑு เฎ เฎฒ்เฎฒเฎคு เฎเฎுเฎ்เฎเฎช்เฎชเฎ்เฎเฎตเฎฐ்เฎเฎณிเฎฉ் เฎจிเฎฒைเฎช்เฎชாเฎ்เฎிเฎฒ் เฎเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคு เฎตเฎฐเฎฒாเฎฑாเฎเฎ் เฎเฎฐுเฎคเฎช்เฎชเฎுเฎிเฎฑเฎคு.
เฎคாเฎธ் เฎคเฎฉเฎคு เฎชௌเฎค்เฎคเฎค்เฎคை 'เฎคเฎฎிเฎด் เฎชௌเฎค்เฎคเฎฎ்' เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑு เฎ เฎดைเฎค்เฎคாเฎฐ், เฎเฎคு เฎเฎฒเฎிเฎฉ் เฎชிเฎฑ เฎเฎเฎ்เฎเฎณிเฎฒ் เฎเฎณ்เฎณ เฎชௌเฎค்เฎคเฎค்เฎคிเฎฒிเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคு เฎตேเฎฑுเฎชเฎ்เฎเฎคு, เฎเฎฉெเฎฉிเฎฒ் เฎ เฎคு เฎாเฎคிเฎ்เฎு เฎเฎคிเฎฐாเฎฉเฎคு. เฎชเฎฒ்เฎตேเฎฑு เฎจிเฎ்เฎாเฎฏாเฎ்เฎเฎณ் เฎாเฎคிเฎฏை เฎ เฎிเฎช்เฎชเฎைเฎฏாเฎเฎ் เฎொเฎฃ்เฎ เฎเฎฒเฎ்เฎை เฎชௌเฎค்เฎคเฎค்เฎคை เฎ เฎตเฎฐ் เฎเฎฑ்เฎฑுเฎ்เฎொเฎณ்เฎณเฎตிเฎฒ்เฎฒை . เฎாเฎคிเฎช் เฎชிเฎฐเฎ்เฎிเฎฉைเฎเฎณிเฎฒ் เฎ เฎ்เฎเฎฑை เฎเฎฒ்เฎฒாเฎคเฎคாเฎฒ் เฎ เฎจாเฎเฎฐிเฎ เฎคเฎฐ்เฎฎเฎชாเฎฒเฎตாเฎฒ் เฎจிเฎฑுเฎตเฎช்เฎชเฎ்เฎ เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏாเฎตிเฎฒ் เฎฎเฎா เฎชோเฎคி เฎเฎ்เฎเฎค்เฎคுเฎเฎฉ் เฎ เฎตเฎฐுเฎ்เฎு เฎเฎฐுเฎค்เฎคு เฎตேเฎฑுเฎชாเฎுเฎเฎณ் เฎเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคเฎฉ.
เฎเฎฐு เฎชเฎฐเฎจ்เฎค เฎ เฎฐเฎிเฎฏเฎฒ் เฎคเฎณเฎค்เฎคிเฎฉ் เฎீเฎด் เฎคเฎฒிเฎค்เฎคுเฎเฎณை เฎ เฎฎைเฎช்เฎชเฎคிเฎฒ் เฎคுเฎฃை เฎாเฎคி เฎ เฎைเฎฏாเฎณเฎ்เฎเฎณ் เฎฎுเฎ்เฎிเฎฏ เฎคเฎைเฎฏாเฎ เฎเฎฐுเฎช்เฎชเฎคாเฎ เฎ เฎตเฎฐ் เฎเฎฃเฎฐ்เฎจ்เฎคாเฎฐ். เฎ เฎฉைเฎค்เฎคு เฎคเฎฒிเฎค்เฎคுเฎเฎณுเฎฎ் เฎเฎฐு เฎชெเฎฐிเฎฏ เฎாเฎคிเฎ் เฎுเฎดுเฎตாเฎ เฎเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคเฎฉเฎฐ், เฎเฎฉாเฎฒ் เฎ เฎตเฎฐ்เฎเฎณ் เฎคுเฎฃை เฎாเฎคிเฎเฎณாเฎ (เฎชเฎณ்เฎณเฎฐ், เฎชเฎฑைเฎฏเฎฐ் เฎชோเฎฉ்เฎฑเฎตை) เฎชிเฎฐிเฎจ்เฎคเฎคாเฎฒ் เฎ เฎตเฎฐ்เฎเฎณ் เฎเฎฐு เฎชொเฎคுเฎตாเฎฉ เฎฎேเฎைเฎฏிเฎฒ் เฎตเฎฐுเฎตเฎคைเฎค் เฎคเฎுเฎค்เฎคเฎฉเฎฐ். เฎฎொเฎค்เฎคเฎค்เฎคிเฎฒ் เฎชௌเฎค்เฎค เฎฎเฎคเฎค்เฎคிเฎฑ்เฎு เฎฎாเฎฑுเฎตเฎคே เฎเฎคเฎฑ்เฎு เฎตเฎดி เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑு เฎ เฎตเฎฐ் เฎเฎฐுเฎคிเฎฉாเฎฐ் .
เฎเฎฏோเฎคி เฎคாเฎธிเฎฉ் เฎเฎฐுเฎค்เฎคுเฎ்เฎเฎณ் เฎคเฎฎிเฎด்เฎจாเฎ்เฎிเฎฉ் เฎ เฎฉைเฎค்เฎคுเฎค் เฎคเฎฎிเฎด் เฎคிเฎฐாเฎตிเฎ เฎเฎฏเฎ்เฎเฎค்เฎคிเฎฑ்เฎுเฎฎ் เฎฎுเฎฑ்เฎชเฎ்เฎเฎตை. เฎคிเฎฐாเฎตிเฎ เฎเฎฏเฎ்เฎเฎฎுเฎฎ் เฎคเฎฎிเฎดเฎฐ்เฎเฎณ் เฎเฎจ்เฎคுเฎ்เฎเฎณ் เฎเฎฒ்เฎฒை เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑுเฎฎ் เฎชிเฎฐாเฎฎเฎฃ เฎเฎจ்เฎคு เฎฎเฎคเฎฎ் เฎตเฎฐுเฎตเฎคเฎฑ்เฎு เฎฎுเฎฉ்เฎชு เฎாเฎคிเฎฏเฎฑ்เฎฑ เฎเฎฎுเฎคாเฎฏเฎฎ் เฎเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคเฎคு เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑுเฎฎ் เฎூเฎฑிเฎฏเฎคு. เฎคாเฎธ் เฎคเฎฒிเฎค்เฎคுเฎเฎณ் เฎ เฎฒ்เฎฒเฎคு เฎคீเฎฃ்เฎเฎค்เฎคเฎாเฎคเฎตเฎฐ்เฎเฎณை "เฎชூเฎฐ்เฎต เฎคเฎฎிเฎดเฎฐ்" (เฎ เฎเฎฒ் เฎคเฎฎிเฎดเฎฐ்เฎเฎณ்) เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑு เฎ เฎดைเฎค்เฎคாเฎฐ். เฎเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏாเฎตிเฎฒ் เฎชௌเฎค்เฎคเฎฎ் เฎ เฎดிเฎจ்เฎคเฎคเฎฑ்เฎு เฎชிเฎฐாเฎฎเฎฃเฎฐ்เฎเฎณே เฎாเฎฐเฎฃเฎฎ் เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑு เฎுเฎฑ்เฎฑเฎฎ் เฎாเฎ்เฎிเฎฉாเฎฐ். เฎชிเฎฑเฎช்เฎชிเฎฉ் เฎ เฎிเฎช்เฎชเฎைเฎฏிเฎฒாเฎฉ เฎชเฎிเฎจிเฎฒை เฎாเฎคி เฎ เฎฎைเฎช்เฎชுเฎ்เฎு เฎชிเฎฐாเฎฎเฎฃเฎฐ்เฎเฎณைเฎ் เฎுเฎฑ்เฎฑเฎฎ் เฎாเฎ்เฎிเฎฉாเฎฐ். เฎคเฎฎிเฎดเฎเฎค்เฎคிเฎฒ் เฎชௌเฎค்เฎคเฎฎ் เฎเฎ்เฎி เฎெเฎฏ்เฎค เฎชோเฎคு, เฎாเฎคி เฎ เฎฎைเฎช்เฎชு เฎ เฎคிเฎเฎฎாเฎ เฎเฎฐுเฎ்เฎเฎตிเฎฒ்เฎฒை เฎเฎฉ்เฎชเฎคு เฎ เฎตเฎฐ் เฎเฎฐுเฎค்เฎคு.
เฎคாเฎธிเฎฉ் "เฎாเฎ்เฎிเฎฏ เฎชுเฎค்เฎค เฎเฎ்เฎเฎค்เฎคிเฎฉ்" เฎจเฎเฎตเฎிเฎ்เฎைเฎเฎณ் 1911 เฎเฎฎ் เฎเฎฃ்เฎு เฎฎเฎ்เฎเฎณ்เฎคொเฎை เฎเฎฃเฎ்เฎெเฎுเฎช்เฎชை เฎจเฎเฎค்เฎคிเฎฏ เฎชிเฎฐிเฎ்เฎிเฎท் เฎ เฎคிเฎாเฎฐிเฎเฎณிเฎฉ் เฎเฎฃ்เฎเฎณைเฎ் เฎเฎตเฎฐ்เฎจ்เฎคเฎคு. เฎเฎฐு เฎ เฎคிเฎாเฎฐி เฎเฎดுเฎคிเฎฉாเฎฐ்: "เฎเฎฎீเฎชเฎค்เฎคிเฎฏ เฎเฎฎเฎฏ เฎตเฎณเฎฐ்เฎ்เฎிเฎเฎณிเฎฒ் เฎฎிเฎ เฎฎுเฎ்เฎிเฎฏเฎฎாเฎฉ เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑு, เฎฎเฎ்เฎเฎณை เฎชௌเฎค்เฎคเฎค்เฎคிเฎฑ்เฎு เฎฎாเฎฑ்เฎฑுเฎฎ் เฎจோเฎ்เฎเฎค்เฎคுเฎเฎฉ் เฎคெเฎฉ்เฎฉிเฎจ்เฎคிเฎฏ เฎாเฎ்เฎிเฎฏ เฎชௌเฎค்เฎค เฎเฎ்เฎเฎค்เฎคிเฎฉ் เฎเฎฐுเฎตாเฎ்เฎเฎฎ் เฎเฎுเฎฎ்....เฎฎเฎคเฎค்เฎคை เฎจிเฎฑுเฎตிเฎฏเฎตเฎฐ் เฎூเฎฑிเฎฏ เฎเฎฏเฎฐ்เฎจ்เฎค เฎொเฎณ்เฎைเฎเฎณுเฎฎ் เฎ เฎดเฎாเฎฉ เฎเฎณிเฎฎைเฎฏாเฎฉ เฎตாเฎด்เฎ்เฎைเฎฏுเฎฎ் เฎคெเฎฐிเฎிเฎฑเฎคு. เฎฎேเฎฑ்เฎுเฎฑிเฎช்เฎชிเฎ்เฎ เฎตเฎ்เฎாเฎฐเฎ்เฎเฎณிเฎฒ் เฎเฎณ்เฎณ เฎคเฎฎிเฎด் เฎชேเฎுเฎฎ் เฎைเฎตிเฎฉைเฎเฎฐ்เฎเฎณ் เฎฎเฎฑ்เฎฑுเฎฎ் เฎจเฎுเฎค்เฎคเฎฐ เฎตเฎฐ்เฎ்เฎเฎค்เฎคிเฎฉเฎฐிเฎเฎฎ் เฎคเฎฉிเฎค்เฎคเฎฉ்เฎฎைเฎฏுเฎเฎฉ் เฎฎுเฎฑைเฎฏிเฎ เฎตேเฎฃ்เฎுเฎฎ்.
“เฎฎเฎคเฎฎ் เฎตிเฎுเฎคเฎฒை เฎ เฎைเฎฏாเฎณเฎฎாเฎ – เฎாเฎฒเฎฉிเฎค்เฎคுเฎตเฎค்เฎคிเฎฉ் เฎீเฎด் เฎคเฎฎிเฎดเฎฐ்เฎเฎณிเฎைเฎฏே เฎเฎฐு เฎชௌเฎค்เฎค เฎเฎฏเฎ்เฎเฎฎ் ” เฎเฎฉ்เฎฑ เฎจூเฎฒிเฎฒ், เฎคாเฎธுเฎ்เฎு, เฎชௌเฎค்เฎค เฎ เฎைเฎฏாเฎณเฎฎ் เฎเฎฉ்เฎชเฎคு เฎคเฎฎிเฎด் เฎ เฎைเฎฏாเฎณเฎค்เฎคிเฎฒிเฎฐுเฎจ்เฎคு เฎตேเฎฑுเฎชเฎ்เฎเฎคเฎฒ்เฎฒ เฎเฎฉ เฎி.เฎ เฎฒோเฎிเฎฏเฎธ் เฎுเฎ்เฎிเฎ்เฎாเฎ்เฎிเฎฏுเฎณ்เฎณாเฎฐ்.
“The Buddha was not a ‘north Indian’ and therefore, not an “Aryan God”; but he was very much a Dravidian/Tamil Indian and the author of the Tamil script,” Thass said.
He said Buddhists were the protectors and promoters of Tamil literature and other arts such as music, painting and architecture. “The genuine way of being a Tamil is to be a Buddhist, that is, casteless, in every sense of the term.”
Shrinidhi Narasimhan of Brandies University, in her paper “Between the Global and Regional: Asia in the Tamil Buddhist Imagination” says in the late 19 th. and early 20 th.Centuries, Buddhist revival in every country had local, Asian and Western links. The paper highlights the links between Iyothee Thass, Col.Henry Olcott and Anagarika Dharmapala. Each of these Buddhist movements had a distinct local flavour but was interlinked too.
“Modern-day Buddhism is commonly understood to be a co-creation of Asians, Europeans, and Americans” and several scholars such as David McMahan have argued that nineteenth century Asian Buddhist revival movements were premised on Asian engagements with modernity and anticolonial contestations of European imperialism.”
“In Japan, for instance, the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the establishment of Meiji rule in the mid-nineteenth century precipitated the most violent suppression of Buddhism in Japanese history, which compelled the Buddhist community to turn to America, Europe, and elsewhere in Asia and look for ways of reconstructing a Buddhism that would succeed under the new political regime,” Narasimhan points out.
“In Ceylon, on the other hand, British imperialism and Christian missionary activity were the main catalysts for a Buddhist revival. The absence of a Buddhist ruler in Ceylon since the removal of the last Kandyan king by the British in the early nineteenth century contributed to the sense that Buddhism had become weak on the island. In addition, the influence of Christian missionaries and the persistence of caste-based divisions within Buddhist Nikayas provided further impetus for a Sinhalese Buddhist revival.”
“Besides this, economic developments like the growth of new commercial networks and improvements in communication and transportation also influenced the nature of movement within the nineteenth century Asian Buddhist world,” Narasimhan says.
Of the movements, Iyothee Thass’ movement remained relatively understudied partly because it got too entangled in local movements which had relevance only for the Tamils of India. It got subsumed under the Dravidian movement of Periyar E.V.Ramaswamy Naicker and in India as a whole, it got subsumed under the Dalit movement led by Dr.Ambedkar. It was only in the 1990s, that scholars began to take notice of Iyothee Thass.
END
Big Media ignored story on Dalit family ‘tricked’ by Adani-linked firm to donate Rs 10 cr to BJP?
The family alleges a Welspun Enterprises official tricked them into buy electoral bonds.
On April 3, Gujarati web portal Web News Duniya reported on six members of a Dalit family in Gujarat who were “tricked” into donating Rs 10 crore through electoral bonds to the BJP.
The report said the family was approached byan official of Welspun Enterprises Ltd, a company linked to the Adani Group. They subsequently bought bonds worth over Rs 11 crore – Rs 10 crore was encashed by the BJP and a little over Rs 1 crore by the Shiv Sena.
Newslaundry previously reported on the Welspun Group’s links to Adani, and how three of its subsidiaries bought electoral bonds worth Rs 55 crore, of which Rs 42 crore went to the BJP.
These firms linked to Adani Group bought electoral bonds worth Rs 55.4 cr, BJP encashed Rs 42.4 crBy April 8, The Quint reported on the family too. One of the family members told the news portal that Welspun had acquired about 43,000 square metres of their agricultural land in Anjar for a “project”.
“This money was part of the compensation we were given as per law. But at the time of depositing this money, Mahendrasinh Sodha, a senior +general manager at the company, told us that such a huge amount can result in trouble with the income tax department...He then introduced us to the electoral bond scheme, which he said would ensure that we get 1.5 times the amount in a few years,” said Haresh Savakara, 41.
He added, “We are illiterate people. We had no clue what this scheme was but at that time it sounded very convincing.”
It’s a shocking story and, unsurprisingly, a number of digital news outlets published reports on the case, including HW News, Vibes of India and Satya Hindi. Others like Media One, Asianet News Tamil, and Dool News and also journalist Ravish Kumar’s YouTube channel picked up the story too.
But among mainstream news outlets, especially news channels, there’s a curious silence. Newslaundry could not find references to the case among major news organisations.
Importantly, the family filed a police complaint at Anjar police station on March 18. It names Welspun directors Viswanathan Kollengode, Sanjay Gupta, Chintan Thaker, and Praveen Bhansali, as well as Welspun senior general manager Mahendrasinh Sodha, Anjar land acquisition officer Vimal Kishore Joshi, and BJP Anjar city president Hemant alias Danny Rajinikanth Shah.
But perhaps we shouldn’t be too surprised at Big Media’s silence. After the Election Commission published data on the electoral bonds scheme, it found few takers, especially among news channels. But Newslaundry partnered with Scroll, The News Minute and independent journalists to sort through the data. Check out our work here.
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Electoral bonds, pre-poll coverage from ground zero:
Report card for Ahmedabad West: BJP MP Kirit Solanki’s MPLAD funds lowdown, questions asked in Parliament
Even before the delimitation, a Congress leader was last elected in the 1984 Lok Sabha elections in Ahmedabad Lok Sabha constituency, which remained a BJP stronghold after 1989.
Dr. Kirit Solanki with Prime Minister Narendra Modi. (Source: Facebook/Dr Kirit Solanki)The constituency came into existence in 2008 following the delimitation exercise in Ahmedabad. Since 2009, BJP’s Dr Kirit Solanki, a laparoscopic surgeon by qualification, is the only leader that the voters of the constituency have sent to the lower house of Parliament.
Even before the delimitation, a Congress leader was last elected in the 1984 Lok Sabha elections in Ahmedabad Lok Sabha constituency, which remained a BJP stronghold after 1989. In 1977, Ahmedabad elected Congress’s Ehsan Jafri, who was killed in the Gulbarg society massacre in the 2002 riots, as its MP.
The BJP has fielded Dinesh Kodar Makhwana from the seat this time.
Profile overview
Solanki has not been a minister. However, he has been the chairperson of the Parliamentary Committee on Welfare of SCs (scheduled castes) and STs (scheduled tribes) for the last five years. He has also been a member of other key panels, including the Standing Committee on Finance; Consultative Committee, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change; and Joint Committee on the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019
MPLAD funds lowdown
Dr Solanki says that a major chunk of his MPLAD (Members of Parliament Local Area Development Division) funds were focused on education and health sectors. These included providing facilities for ‘smart schools’, providing equipment for games in schools, ceramic tiles with educative prompts (images of alphabets, numbers), providing water purifiers to schools. Among his works in health, Dr Solanki says he provided ‘ICU on Wheels’ to the Ahmedabad Civil Hospital.
“In multiple schools across my constituency where I funded sports and games equipment, teachers tell me that they now see an increased attendance of students and they come to school an hour earlier, just so that they can play. I took up initiatives in the education and health sector and not particularly infrastructure projects because firstly infrastructure is quite good in Ahmedabad and further for infrastructural demands, I could always pursue the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation to get those done,” Dr Solanki says.
Questions asked in Parliament
The BJP leader has asked a total of 226 questions so far. He sought details on a range of matters from different ministries, including MEITY (Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology), MOHFW (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare), Panchayati Raj, Consumer Affairs and Food and Public Distribution, commerce and industry, communications, cooperation, culture, chemicals and fertilisers, heavy industries and public enterprises, environment, education, science and technology, law and justice, agriculture and farmers’ welfare.
Some key questions:
February 7, 2020: The BJP leader asked the Centre if the government was considering the implementation of blockchain technology in public healthcare system. To this, the Central government replied that NITI Aayog is studying the same and an appropriate decision will be taken on whether to use the technology after assessing the cost benefit analysis of the technology.
June 24, 2019: Solanki asked if the government introduced or was planning to introduce courses on Astrology as a part of the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY). There “are presently no job roles under PMKVY 2016-20 for Astrology” — this was the response he received.
Number of debates that saw participation: 102
During one of the discussions, he urged the government to enact a model framework law to regulate online games across the country, citing that legal provisions vary state to state, creating a “lopsided” legal regime. He also advocated that doctors from Pakistan, who are given Indian citizenship, be allowed to practise in India.
He was part of the Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Personal Data Protection Bill 2019. As a member, according to Solanki, he had advocated for restricting sharing of personal data with social media sites such as Facebook (Meta) and Twitter (now X).
He also introduced a private members’ bill in 2019 seeking to amend the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 “with a view to bring in ragging, segregation of students as per caste and labelling students as reserved category students unfavourable treatment in the category of offence under the parent Act and to put a check on such unlawful activities”.
He has repeatedly urged the government to provide medical care and subsidised medicines to economically weaker patients suffering from Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSD) and rare disorders. He also requested the government to consider a proposal for reservation of SCs and STs in the private sector “to correct historical injustices”, citing the National Sample Survey Office(NSSO) data that shows that the share of SCs and STs in private enterprises is much less than their share in the population and that SC entrepreneurs and their businesses also face discrimination in accessing inputs and services.
In March 2020, he had also urged the government to take steps in training psychiatrists and counsellors to set up more institutes like the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS).
Mumbai News: 'No ST, OBC Faculty Hired By IITB In 2023', Reveals RTI
IITB, along with other IITs, has been facing flak for the lack of diversity among its teachers and student community for the past several years.
The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) failed to hire any Scheduled Tribe (ST) or Other Backward Class (OBC) faculty member last year. This comes despite the low representation of marginalised groups in the academic positions at the premier institute, revealing the response to a query filed under the Right to Information (RTI).
Of the 21 teachers hired by IITB in 2023, only four belong to reserved categories - all of them Scheduled Castes (SC), the institute informed in an RTI request filed by the student group Ambedkar Periyar Phule Study Circle (APPSC). The lopsided recruitment is keeping up with the existing caste composition of the institute faculty, with only 44 out of 718, barely 6%, of the teachers hailing from backward communities. This, according to the students, is a violation of the reservation policy for central universities, where SCs, STs and OBCs have a 15%, 7.5% and 27% quota, respectively.
Challenges In Faculty Recruitment And PhD Admissions At IIT Bombay
IITs issue rolling advertisements for faculty recruitment, which are open throughout the year for all candidates, who fulfil the required qualifications and experience for faculty positions in IITs.
The RTI query also brought to the fore the relatively poor enrolment of marginalised students in PhD programmes at IITB. Almost half, 16 out of 29 departments of the institute didn't admit a single ST scholar for their doctorate programmes in 2023, while no SC and OBC scholars found an entry at seven and two departments, respectively. The overwhelming majority of PhD entrants - 369 out of 603 - belong to the general category.
Challenges In Achieving Diversity Goals At IITB
IITB, along with other IITs, has been facing flak for the lack of diversity among its teachers and student community for the past several years. Despite directions from the Supreme Court (SC) and the University Grants Commission (UGC) to fill vacant faculty posts through Mission Mode Recruitment (MMR) in accordance with the reservation policies, the institute has yet to lessen the disparity.
Supreme Court's Directive On Reservation Policy At IITs
The Supreme Court, in December 2022, directed the Centre to follow the reservation policy for admission in research degree programmes and recruitment of faculty members at IITs as provided under the Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Teachers’ Cadre) Act, 2019. The verdict was in response to a plea seeking direction to the Centre and the IITs to follow the reservation policy, with regard to admissions in research programmes and recruitment of faculty members, claiming the guidelines have been violated.
Government's Efforts To Fill Faculty Vacancies In Reserved Categories
Earlier this year, UGC chairman M Jagadesh Kumar had also reiterated, “It is important for all HEIs [higher education institutes] to ensure that all backlog positions in the reserved category are filled up through concerted efforts.”
In February, the Minister of State for Education Subhas Sarkar, in a written reply to an unstarred question of the Lok Sabha said that as many as 4,440 faculty vacancies of SC, ST and OBCs have been filled under MMR drive at central varsities, including IITs.
IITB didn't respond to FPJ's request for a comment.
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