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thirumaavin அடிமை நாடகம் வெளியே வந்து விட்டது.
......

அடிமைகள் என்ன செய்ய வேண்டும்?கடைசிவரை நீங்கள் அடிமைதான்.பூட்ஸ் நக்க வேண்டியதுதான்.
தைரியம் இல்லாதவர்கள்.

முருகேசன் 
கடலூர்.




Gonda: Minor Dalit girl gang-raped in front of her mother, one accused from another community arrested

POSTED ON JULY 21, 

Gonda: In Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh, a 16-year-old minor Dalit girl, who had gone out to defecate with her mother, was gang-raped by two youths from another community. Police gave this information on Saturday. According to the police, the incident took place in a village in Khondare police station area on Friday night. Police said that on the complaint of the victim’s father, a case was registered at the local police station under relevant sections and one accused was arrested.

Edited By Vivek Mishra

Additional Superintendent of Police (East) Manoj Kumar Rawat said that late Friday evening, a Dalit woman and her minor daughter had left the house to defecate. Two youths from another community of the same village were going on a motorcycle a little distance away from the village. He said that the accused stopped their motorcycle and dragged the minor girl to the field, where they gang-raped her. On hearing the mother’s screams, other villagers reached there, but then the accused fled leaving the motorcycle behind.

Police force deployed in the village

After getting information about the incident, the police reached the spot and arrested one of the accused Shadab (28). The officer said that the minor was brought to the district headquarters for medical examination and treatment. Teams have been formed to arrest the second accused. He said that a forensic team has been sent to the spot and a detailed investigation of the incident is being done. The officer said that police force has been deployed in the village to maintain peace.

About the author
Vivek Mishra
Birthplace is Barabanki and work place has been many cities of three states. Started career with print media in 2013. Entered digital media with Navbharat Times through MP Jan Sandesh, Patrika, Hindustan, Amar Ujala, Dainik 

TAMILNADU

Tamil Nadu: Lawmakers flayed for keeping mum on Dalit attacks, says Pa Ranjith

POSTED ON JULY 21, 2024



GRAND RAPIDS: Donald Trump held his first campaign rally since he survived an assassination attempt Saturday, returning to the battleground state of Michigan alongside his newly named running mate.

“It was exactly one week ago, even to the hour, even to the minute,” Trump told the crowd, reflecting on the July 13 shooting in Pennsylvania that left him with a bloodied ear, killed one of his supporters and left two others injured.

“I stand before you only by the grace of almighty God,” he said, the white gauze on his ear now replaced by a skin-colored bandage. “I shouldn’t be here right now,” he went on.

Trump was joined by Ohio Sen. JD Vance at the pair’s first event together since they became the GOP’s nominees at the Republican National Convention in Milwaukee.

“I find it hard to believe that a week ago, an assassin tried to take Donald Trump’s life, and now we have got a hell of a crowd in Michigan to welcome him back on the campaign trail,” Vance said before Trump’s arrival.

Michigan is one of the handful of crucial swing states expected to determine the outcome of November’s presidential election. Trump narrowly won the state by just over 10,000 votes in 2016, but Democrat Joe Biden flipped it back in 2020, winning by a margin of 154,000 votes on his way to the presidency.

After appearing uncharacteristically subdued and emotional during the Republican convention, Trump returned to his usual rally mode, insulting his Democratic rivals, repeating his lies about the 2020 election, and peppering his address with jokes that sparked laughter from an enthusiastic audience.

At one point, Trump glanced at a screen showing him from an unusual angle and joked about his combover.

“That’s a severe sucker. What’s with that one?” he said. “I apologize. Man! I looked up there, I said, ‘Whoa!’ That’s like a work of art!”

At another point, as he invited a supporter on stage, he quipped, “He does not carry guns!”

But Trump also talked about the shooting, acting out how he’d turned his head to look up at a chart of southern border crossings projected on a giant screen, narrowly dodging the bullet that hit his ear.

 “I owe immigration my life,” he said.

Hours before he took the stage, Trump’s supporters crowded the streets of downtown Grand Rapids in anticipation of the former president’s remarks. Supporters began lining up Friday morning, and by Saturday afternoon, the line stretched close to a mile from the entrance of the 12,000-seat Van Andel Arena.

Many wore shirts featuring the image of Trump, on stage, after he was shot, pumping his fist in the air, along with the usual red “Make America Great Again” hats.

Mike Gaydos, who traveled from Indiana with his three sons to attend the rally, said he didn’t consider himself a “huge” Trump supporter in the past but wanted to show support for the former president following his attempted assassination.

“We can’t allow something like that to collar us,” he said. “Bravery is what I thought he showed that day, and I want to show my sons about bravery as well.”

Numerous streets, closed as an additional security precaution, were dotted with vendors selling food and apparel. Among them was a vendor from North Carolina who said he had spent the night making shirts featuring “Trump Vance ’24.”

Downtown Grand Rapids also saw a significant police presence, with officers stationed on nearly every block, while others patrolled on horseback and bicycles. The heightened security outside the venue created a tense environment, with some attendees mentioning that drones overhead had made them nervous. The event was held indoors, which makes it easier to secure.

Attendees were required to pass through a metal detector upon entering the arena, yet the presence of security inside appeared consistent with previous events.

“This is the tightest I’ve ever seen the security,” said Renee White, who said that she’s been to 33 of Trump’s rallies. “We usually can bring in some small bags, but today I had to just leave stuff out there.”

White had been seated behind the podium at the rally in Butler, Pennsylvania, where the gunman opened fire from a nearby rooftop. She described the shooting as “surreal” but said that it wouldn’t stop her from going to his rallies.

“If I’m going to be taken out, at least I’m doing something I love to do, right?” she said. On Saturday, she was again seated behind Trump, almost in the same spot as she had been in Butler.

Trump’s choice of Vance was aimed, in part, at helping him win support from Rust Belt voters in places like Michigan, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Ohio who helped Trump notch his surprise 2016 victory. Vance specifically mentioned those places during his acceptance speech at the convention, stressing his roots growing up poor in small-town Ohio and pledging not to forget working-class people whose “jobs were sent overseas and children were sent to war.”

Democrats have dominated recent elections in Michigan, but Republicans now see an opening in the state, especially as Democrats remain divided about whether Biden should drop out of the race.

Biden has insisted he is not quitting, and has attempted to turn the focus back towards Trump, saying Friday that Trump’s acceptance speech at the Republican convention showcased a “dark vision for the future.”

Trump on Saturday polled the crowd on who they’d like to see as his opponent, with cheers for Biden and loud boos when Trump asked about Vice President Kamala Harris.

Trump and his team have tried to cast Democrats’ efforts to replace Biden as a “coup” in what appears to be part of a larger effort to try to distract from Trump’s efforts to overturn the 2020 election after he refused to accept the results, as well as the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol by his supporters.

“At this very moment, Democrat Party bosses are frantically trying to overthrow the results of their own party’s primaries to dump Crooked Joe Biden from the ballot,” Trump charged.

Later, he pushed back against efforts to cast him as a threat to democracy and an extremist, even as he has vowed mass deportations and threatened retribution against his political enemies.

“They keep saying, ’He’s a threat to democracy…’ Last week I took a bullet for democracy,” he said to rousing cheers.

Trump also again tried to distance himself from the Heritage Foundation’s Project 2025, a policy and personnel plan for a second Trump term that was crafted by a host of former administration officials.

Trump blasted the project, which has become a centerpiece of Biden’s campaign, as “severe right” and “seriously extreme,” just like the ”radical left.”

“I don’t know anything about it,” he insisted.

Biden’s campaign responded with a statement that noted Trump’s speech accepting the GOP nomination, in which he urged unity and said he was “running to be president for all of America, not half of America.”

“We were promised a new Donald Trump who would unite the country — instead all we saw tonight was the same Donald Americans keep rejecting over and over,” said Biden-Harris spokesperson Ammar Moussa. “He’s peddling the same lies, running the same campaign of revenge and retribution, touting the same failed policies, and — as usual — focused only on himself.”

The 81-year-old Democratic incumbent, who appeared in Detroit this month, is currently isolating at his beach home in Delaware recovering from COVID-19.

U.S. Rep. Hillary Scholten, a Democrat representing Grand Rapids, is among the growing number of lawmakers calling on Biden to exit the race after his disastrous performance at last month’s debate.

Courtesy : TNIE


GUJRAT NEWS STATE

Gujarat: Dalit youth beaten up for posting photo on Instagram wearing cap and sunglasses!

POSTED ON JULY 21, 2024


Victim beaten up for wearing cap and sunglasses, accused flee village, police investigating.

Gujarat. In a disturbing incident, a 24-year-old Dalit youth was brutally beaten up by a group of upper caste men in Saibapur village in Himmatnagar taluka of Sabarkantha district. The attack, which took place on the night of July 17, was allegedly due to the youth’s Instagram post in which he was wearing a traditional cap and sunglasses.

Ajay Parmar, who makes a living as an auto-rickshaw driver, was returning home when he was ambushed near the Navanagar bus stand.

According to the FIR lodged on July 18, four men from the Darbar community, who consider themselves Kshatriyas, stopped Parmar and started assaulting him.

“They told me that only people from the Darbar community can wear safa and sunglasses. They thrashed me and asked me to remove the picture. I somehow escaped from them and fled in my auto rickshaw. While returning home, one of my friends told me that a group of 20-25 people from the Darbar community was waiting to beat me up. Meanwhile, I called my father and brother to rescue me,” Parmar was quoted as saying by Deccan Herald.

Upon reaching the village, the gathered men continued to attack Parmar and his father, slapping and abusing them. Despite calls for help, the police reportedly arrived an hour later. “We stayed at the spot fearing for our lives,” Parmar said, adding that his family is the only Dalit family in the village that is predominantly Darbar community.

The FIR names four accused: Kripalsingh Rathore, Manusingh Rathore, Hitendrasingh Rathore and Shuklasingh Rathore.

Police sub-inspector Sanjay Goswami of Himatnagar rural police station confirmed that the accused have fled the village and investigation is underway.

The incident is part of casteism in India, where Dalits are targeted by upper caste men for wearing traditional attire such as safa, shoes or moustache. There have been many such cases in recent times, highlighting the caste-based discrimination and violence prevalent in many parts of India.


In Maihar, the bullies have closed the road to the Dalit colony and imprisoned the people in their homes, neither the road nor water is available

POSTED ON JULY 20, 2024


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In Maihar district’s Itma Khajuri Tal village, the bullies have closed the way for the Dalits to go out. 150 families of this colony are worried about the road. The bullies have erected a wire boundary wall on the way to the Harijan colony. The affected people have complained about this to the collector.

In Maihar, the bullies have closed the road to the Dalit colony and imprisoned them in their homes (ETV BHARAT)

Maihar. In Maihar district’s Gram Panchayat Itma Khajuri Tal, the bullies have stopped the hookah-paani of the people of the Harijan colony. The people of this colony have been living here for 100 years. A big crisis has come in front of the people of the Harijan colony of 150 families. The people of Khajuri Tal Ashram have encroached the government water tank and the public road by putting a net. A goat is tied inside the boundary, which is imprisoned here since July 16.

People of Dalit colony imprisoned inside the boundary (ETV BHARAT)
The entire Harijan colony is worried for water
The troubled people have appealed for help from local leaders to the collector but no one is listening to their pain. Vishram Saket of the village said, “People of Harijan colony used to reach the main road through the wide embankment. Which has been blocked by the people of Khajuri Dham. Now the people of Scheduled Caste and Tribe are facing the problem of road. Where should they go? Water is also not being arranged from anywhere.” People say that their families have been living here for more than 100 years. Such a problem never came up.

Courtesy: ETV Bharat


UP Politics: Same thing will happen in Lucknow too… Chandrashekhar, who reached the capital, showed sharp edge to the issues of Dalits and Muslims

POSTED ON JULY 20, 2024

UP News: Bhim Army Chief and Nagina MP Chandra Shekhar Ravan, who reached the capital of UP, Lucknow, accused the Yogi government… During this, in the press conference going on in Lucknow… Chandrashekhar Azad surrounded the government by showing sharp edge on the issues of Muslims and Dalits.

Edited By: Rahul Mishra|Reported By: Zee Media Bureau

Speaking on the bulldozers running in the capital

After reaching Lucknow, Chandrashekhar told that he had reached the Press Club of Lucknow for the third time on Friday. After reaching the club, he raised issues of public interest. During this, he also went to the Haudar Canal. Due to this canal, lakhs of families are being affected in an area of ??about 16 kilometers. Due to the bulldozers running in Akbarnagar, Pantnagar, the lives of people of lakhs of families have come in danger.

It is the responsibility of the government to benefit the last person

Chandrashekhar Azad further said that the country got independence on 15 August 1947. The system that was running in the country at that time, in which most of the people did not have employment. Since then the poor became poorer and the rich became richer day by day. Today, 54 percent of the people do not have even one acre of land. The people who are being called illegal today, all of them had come to the city after being despised from the village. It is the responsibility of the government to benefit the last person. But the government is not able to do this work.

The government has decided to displace the Dalits

Wherever the administration has run the bulldozer in Lucknow, there are Dalit people there. All the people are laborers in Pant Nagar, Akbar Nagar and Hyder Canal. But the government has decided to displace the Dalits. The government can also settle the poor if it wants. But the poor are being crushed for big projects. Government should get the recruitment done quickly

The government has demolished the houses of the poor and given small rooms to the people to live in. They do not have water to drink, everyone is crying for electricity. If the CM himself goes there and sees, he will feel pity. The government will listen to us because whatever happened in Ayodhya, the people here will also do the same. There was a lot of publicity about the police recruitment in UP. That recruitment has been cancelled. The CM should get that recruitment done quickly.

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National Commission for Scheduled Tribes member visits Visakhapatnam Port Authority

Updated - July 20, 2024 09:11 pm IST

Published - July 20, 2024 06:32 pm IST - Visakhapatnam

National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) member Jatothu Hussain visited the Visakhapatnam Port Authority (VPA) here on Saturday. The port deputy chairperson Durgesh Kumar Dubey welcomed him and explained him about the insights of the port through a review. Mr. Hussain was accompanied by Ashok Kumar Lakkarsu, personal secretary to the member, and P.V. Ramana, his advisor.

Mr. Dubey also explained the key performance indicators, cargo projections, and Corporate Social Responsibilities towards ST community, green initiatives and sustainability, and mechanisation.

Mr. Jatothu Hussain initially interacted with the ST Associations and ST Employees of VPA and later had discussions with the VPA mgmt.

.....


Our 1000 questions.?


Et,CPI,NCfSC,ncfst,ncfst are Servants of BJP.rss and will travel only to opp.ruled states.

It is shock and surprise.



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Bangalore University scholars to protest against cancellation of PhD funds to SC-ST students to study abroad

Prabuddha Overseas Scholarship provides financial aid to SC/ST students to pursue UG, PG and PhD degrees abroad. Its cancellation would affect the communities severely. Reactions pour in...
Bangalore University scholars to protest against cancellation of PhD funds to SC-ST students to study abroad
Bangalore University scholars to protest against cancellation of PhD funds to SC-ST students to study abroad(Pic: EdexLive Desk)
Published on: 

Recently, the Karnataka government implemented its decision to cancel the financial assistance to Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribe (SC/ST) students who pursue PhD courses in foreign universities under the Prabuddha Overseas Scholarship scheme. 

While reports suggest that this decision was taken in 2023 and implemented this year, students belonging to the community and experts opine that this decision will demotivate the students from aiming to pursue further education abroad. 

Condemning the same, Bangalore University scholars may stage a strike if the government fails to revoke the decision in time. 

What is the Prabuddha Overseas Scholarship?

The scholarship scheme announced by the social welfare ministry of Karnataka aims to provide financial assistance to Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe students to pursue undergraduate, postgraduate, and PhD degrees abroad in universities and institutions.

Approximately over 100 students are given financial assistance under the scholarship in each category. 

Not the first state

Notably, Karnataka is not the first state to take this decision. 

Recently, the Maharashtra government brought about new changes, including an increase in the annual income cap on the Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Scholarship Scheme. This scheme provides financial assistance to SC/ST students and Neo-Buddhist boys and girls pursuing master's and research (PhD) courses abroad. 

Though, to their relief, the changes were reversed, the eligibility for an annual income cap of Rs 8 lakh remains.

Read more here: https://www.edexlive.com/news/2024/Jul/19/maharashtra-policy-changes-made-to-rajarshi-shahu-maharaj-scholarship-reversed

Shameful & condemnable 

Calling this move "shameful", the President of Bangalore University Post Graduation and Research Scholars Association (BUPRA), Lokesh Ram, said, "Known for its initiatives that benefit the poor, the Karnataka government has come under fire for cutting off financial help, which is perceived as a callous disregard for the needs of marginalised people." 

Further, he said, "We will call for an indefinite strike against the state government if they fail to correct their decision within the stipulated time."

Aggressively condemning the move, the state Secretary of All India Democratic Students Organisation (AIDSO) Ajay Kamath, said, "Recently, in series of anti-student and anti-poor decisions, citing lack of funds, the state government is revoking several schemes meant for the benefit of poor students. 

They say they have no money for guarantees! But if all such financial assistance and subsidies are cancelled, then what benefit guarantees alone can provide to the people?"     

In anti-caste activist, Anil H Wagde's perspective, the funds allocated for the SC/ST scholarships are being directed towards other purposes. Strongly criticising the move, he emphasises the urgency of identifying the talents of those at the bottom of the pyramid of the caste system. 

"With decisions like this, talent at the bottom of the pyramid is lost and they also lack exposure," Wagde remarked. 

Recalling the days when Dr BR Ambedkar encouraged sending Indians abroad to study, Wagde highlights a striking point. "In the 1950s, Baba Saheb (as Dr BR Ambedkar is fondly referred to) sent 30 students for PhD studies. Today, the approximate number stands at 75. Our population has increased five times and so should our scholarships," he told EdexLive. 

Taking a dig at the current government for such an anti-caste decision, Lokesh Ram said, "The government under Siddaramaiah has penalised the marginalised and prevented them from attending universities abroad.

Erroneously spending money on handouts to increase his pro-poor stardom is a selfish action. As informed citizens, we reject the state government's choice, and we demand the government to increase the funds to expand the programme and restore the facilities."

Are scholarships needed?

Yes, indeed! Lokesh Ram said, "Education is the master key to the self-liberation of every individual, so investing in less fortunate education may strengthen marginalised communities."

Wagde said, "Scholarships are the role model theory for marginalised communities. If they are given scholarships, they will study abroad, come back and contribute immensely to society, along with being an inspiration to their community."

Further, he reiterates that unless bottom-of-the-pyramid talents are included in policymaking, our policies will not be inclusive or egalitarian.

"Since most SC/ST students come from underprivileged backgrounds and are struggling financially, higher education is still mostly out of reach for them. The only factor that can help them escape their agonising situation is education," Kamath said. 

"Ensuring access to higher education for all should have been the government's top priority in enabling underprivileged and marginalised pupils! Yet, such a move of the government to take away financial assistance will continue to push higher and quality education away from them!" he concludes

Data collected

According to the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Government of India, the National Overseas scholarship (NOS) was given to 125 candidates in 2023-24.

 "Out of 125 Awards, 115 Awards are for Scheduled Castes candidates, 06 Awards are for Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes and 04 are for Landless Agricultural Labourers candidates and Traditional Artisans.

The Scheme provides financial assistance to the selected candidates for pursuing Masters level courses and Ph.D. courses abroad in the Institutions/Universities accredited by the Government/an authorized body of that country in any fields of study," it read. 

What data tells us
What data tells us(Pic: EdexLive Desk)

Over the years
According to the information given by the Centre, the National Overseas scholarship performance has been positive, and the funds dedicated to this have also been on the rise. 

....


THIS IS THE BASIC QUALITY OF CONGRESS.ONCE THEY WERE ELECTED WITH THE SUPPORT OF Dalits...they will ignore Dalits.

 

The broken promise of reserved seats

Separate electorate and reservation of seats for religious minorities, women and scheduled castes, and backward tribes were common features of all colonial constitutional instruments

By|

July 20, 2024

A view of National Assembly session. — APP/File
A view of National Assembly session. — APP/File 

On July 12, 2024, the Supreme Court held that the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) was a political party for the purposes of Articles 51(d) and 106 of the Constitution, and it was thus entitled to reserved seats in the national and provincial assemblies.

While a detailed order is still not published, it will be apt to explore the history and intent of constitution-makers regarding these reserved seats. The customary purpose behind reserved seats was to protect the depressed or challenged/marginal classes which traditionally included women, religious minorities and depressed classes.

The history of reserved seats for minorities (religion and caste-oriented) and women goes back to colonial times. The separate electorate and reservation of seats for religious minorities, women and scheduled castes, and backward tribes were the common features of all colonial constitutional instruments.

In columns 7 and 13 of the First Schedule to the Government of India Act, 1935, seats were reserved for women and minorities including Europeans, Anglo-Indians, Sikhs and Muslims in the federal and provincial assemblies of British India.

In the Constitutions of 1956 and 1962 in Pakistan, seats for women and minorities were also reserved. Under Article 43(3) of the 1956 Constitution, 10 seats were reserved for women for 10 years, who were to be directly elected from special women constituencies. Elections were subverted and then the Constitution was abrogated in October 1958. Under Article 20(2) of the 1962 Constitution, four seats from the provinces were reserved for women out of the 218 members of the National Assembly.

In the 1973 Constitution, as originally adopted, under Article 51(4), 10 seats were reserved for women and allocated to provinces. The National Assembly was the electoral college for those seats. Similarly, under Article 106, seats were reserved for minorities mentioned in Clause 3 and equal to 5% of the total membership of the respective assemblies; additional seats were reserved for women to be allocated as per the Constitution and law.

Article 51 was amended through the 4th amendment in 1975 by adding Article 51(2)(A) under which six seats were reserved for persons mentioned in Article 106(3). Then through the revival of the Constitution Order (PO No 14 of 1985), Clauses 2A and 4A were substituted by increasing the number of seats reserved for minorities and women. While 10 seats for minorities were to be simultaneously elected through a separate electorate, 20 seats allocated for women were to be elected after the general elections on the basis of proportional representation. The national or provincial assemblies would be the Electoral College for those seats through a single transferable vote.

Article 106 was also amended to have a similar effect, and the number of seats for minorities and women in the provincial assemblies was increased. Yet again, by the Legal Framework Order 2002, the said clauses of Article 51 were substituted. Accordingly, Articles 51 and 106 were wholly substituted. In Clause 1 of Article 51, out of the total 332 seats of the National Assembly allocated to provinces, tribal areas and the capital territory, 60 seats were reserved for women and 10 seats were reserved for minorities (non-Muslims).

Each province was to be a single constituency for women’s reserved seats, and for non-Muslims’ 10 seats, the whole country would be the constituency. The effect was that a non-Muslim could be elected as a National Assembly member from anywhere in the country. Elections for both reserved seats were to be made through proportional representation according to political parties’ lists on the basis of the total number of general seats won by a political party.

The proviso to Clause 4(e) stated that a party securing less than 5% of the total number of seats to the National Assembly would not be entitled to any reserved seats. By the 17th Amendment, however, two most critical changes were made to Article 51(4)(d) and (e). Members elected as independents who joined a political party within three days would be included in the number of seats won by the political party they joined.

The condition of winning at least 5% of the total seats for reserved seats was done away with, which essentially meant that even if a political party had not won a single seat but if independent members had joined it within three days that political party would be entitled to get reserved seats proportionately.

It should be recalled that two main political parties were virtually excluded from the 2002 electoral process. The provisos added to the said clauses protected their members who contested elections as "independents". The 18th and 25th amendments, respectively made in 2010 and 2018, made no change in the number of electoral procedures provided for reserved seats.

From the foregoing constitutional history, the following conclusions may be drawn:

The number of reserved seats for women increased from 10 in 1973 to 60 in 2002. These seats are filled through indirect elections and lack the representative character of chosen representatives as provided in the preamble to the Constitution. The parliamentary form of government demands that the people’s house should truly represent the will of the people through universal suffrage.

The concept of reserved seats was originally time-bound and intended to protect depressed classes, scheduled castes, women and minorities in colonial India. The idea continued after Independence both in India (Schedule X of the Indian Constitution) and in Pakistan. This "protection" has proven counterproductive and caused inefficiency, as argued by Ambedkar.

With time, reserved seats for women increased from a minimum of 5% (10 seats for 10 years till the second general elections) to a substantial number (60 out of 326). The number of reserved seats for non-Muslims remains almost constant at 10 over the last 50 years. These reserved seats for women, with little exception, go to the family members and friends of political leaders and thus promote nepotism and an unrepresentative character of the assemblies and consequently governments. Members elected on reserved seats have no independent voice or choice.

The noble purpose behind reserved seats was to protect marginalised groups, but it has now become a source of manipulation of power. The phenomenal increase in reserved seats for women occurred after authoritarian regimes amended the Constitution through legal framework orders.

Non-Muslims remain underrepresented as reserved seats for them have hardly increased. The preamble to the Constitution, which is based upon the Objectives Resolution, states that adequate provisions shall be made to safeguard the legitimate interests of the minorities, depressed and backward classes. To create a true pluralistic, multicultural and democratic polity and to improve the image of Pakistan, minorities need to be given due representation in assemblies and government.

Constitutional provisions dealing with reserved seats for women and minorities provide for indirect election through proportional representation. These provisions ought to be interpreted purposely so that the representative character of the assemblies and government is not undermined, and the basic features of the Constitution are not violated.


The writer is an advocate of the Supreme Court and former additional attorney general for Pakistan. He can be reached at: mwaqarrana@yahoo.com


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Read more at: https://www.deccanherald.com/india/uttar-pradesh/16-year-old-dalit-girl-gang-raped-in-uttar-pradeshs-gonda-1-arrested-3114140


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